Role of tourist motivation as mediating variable on visitor decisions at Indonesian tourism village

The tourism sector has become a truly global force for promoting economic growth and development. Therefore, the study of tourism has become an interesting topic for researchers lately. On the other hand, local tourism, generally in developing countries, is often neglected by academics and policymakers. For this reason, this study aims to examine and analyze the role of tourist motivation in mediating accessibility, amenities, and attractions on visiting decisions. This study is a survey research with an explanatory method. The population is tourists who visit the tourism village of Bumiaji, Indonesia, in the low and busy seasons. The population is infinite and the number of respondents who were interviewed is 100 respondents; data were collected by distributing questionnaires to domestic tourists who came from outside the tourist village of Bumiaji, then the data were processed and analyzed using Warp Partial Least Squares. The findings indicate that the effect of accessibility on visiting decisions is not mediated by tourist motivation. This shows that the decision of tourists to visit can be directly influenced by the time and means of transportation available. Meanwhile, the influence of amenities and attractions on the decision to visit is mediated by the motivation of tourists. This means that amenities and attractions can influence a tourist’s decision to visit if there is an urge from tourist to relax or make friends or enjoy the culture at tourist attractions, etc.


INTRODUCTION
In general, the growth of the tourism industry has encouraged the acceleration of a country's economy the creation of more and better jobs and serving as a catalyst for innovation and entrepreneurship (Gelgel, 2006 Martaleni, 2017). This shows that the tourism sector is currently very dynamic, always providing new business opportunities as well as big challenges (Rodrigues et al., 2021) for increasing competitiveness through creative innovation in the tourism industry (Martaleni et al., 2019). Tourists as consumers, of course, have various kinds of needs and desires when visiting a tourism spot that needs to be the attention of the manager (Camilleri, 2019;Buhalis, 2000;Tajzadeh, 2013). The perception of visitors to support services differs according to the location of the tourist attraction (Jensen et al., 2017). It is necessary to adjust its tourism products to meet the expectations and needs of visitors (Happ et al., 2021).
The need to understand the motivation behind tourist behavior as consumers of a destination is very important ( Kozak & Kozak, 2018) because the results are useful for implementing marketing strategies or designs (Beritellia et al., 2020) which results in tourism sustainability (Kastenholz et al., 2018). If tourists' needs are met, tourists will be interested in making repeat visits and will even recommend other parties (Kotler et al., 2014). Offering good attributes will be able to influence tourist decisions to make tourism visits (Cakici & Harman, 2007;Camilleri, 2019). Tourism development needs to have an important component, including tourism potential as a tourist attraction, accessibility, and basic facilities (Vareiro et al., 2021). Attractiveness can also be used as a factor forming a positive image of a tourist destination (Hernandez et al., 2021;Martaleni & Gunadi, 2017) and is a very important factor for tourists in choosing a tourist destination (Faerber et al., 2021). Shaykh-Baygloo, 2021). However, there are still not many studies that show the role of tourist motivation as a mediation for the influence of accessibility, amenities, and attractions on tourists' decisions in visiting a destination, especially in tourism villages. Motivation is an important determinant of tourist behavior (Albayrak & Caber, 2018). This shows that there is a research gap regarding the role of tourist motivation as a mediating variable between accessibility, amenities, and attraction towards visiting decisions.

LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT
In studying tourism, it is crucial to determine important aspects in tourism marketing efforts and understand the motivation of tourists to make tourist visits (Camilleri, 2019;Pitana & Dianta, 2009;Tajzadeh, 2013). Destination management has become a concern and contributed to the advancement of tourism research (Volgger et al., 2021). Destination characteristics and stakeholders play an important role in engaging tourists in the production of experiences (Karayilan & Cetin, 2016). Socio-cultural and ecological dimensions as well as taking into account all stakeholders who participate in the tourism process are also important (Nadalipour et al., 2018).
In order to meet the needs, desires, and satisfaction of visitors, each tourist destination must pay attention to easy access, facilities, and support services. Tverijonaitea (Moutinho, 1987).
Based on the theoretical and empirical studies review, a conceptual framework can be prepared as shown in Figure 1. In this study, three independent variables (accessibility, amenities, and attractions) were used, one intervening variable (tourist motivation) and one dependent variable (decision visiting). Furthermore, the influence of the variables of accessibility, amenities, and attractions directly on visiting decisions and the indirect influence through tourist motivation is investigated.
Based on this conceptual framework, it is hypothesized: H1: Accessibility have a significant direct effect on the tourist motivation.
H2: Amenities have a significant direct effect on the tourist motivation.
H3: Attraction have a significant direct effect on the tourist motivation.
H4: Tourist Motivation have a significant direct effect on the visiting decision.
H5: Accessibility have a significant direct effect on the visiting decision.
H6: Amenities have a significant direct effect on the visiting decision.
H7: Attraction have a significant direct effect on the visiting decision.

METHODOLOGY
This study uses a quantitative research method with an explanatory type, namely a method to obtain an explanation of the relationship (causality) between variables through hypothesis testing (Cresweel,  The variables used to consist of 3 (three) types, namely independent variables, mediating varia-bles, and dependent variables. The independent variables consist of accessibility, amenities, and attractions. Accessibility is measured by 4 (four) indicators, namely: ease of access, road quality, travel time, and transportation. Amenity is measured by 6 (six) indicators, namely: the presence of places to eat and drink, lodging facilities, gazebos or benches to enjoy objects, gift shops, toilets, parking areas. Attractions are measured by 3 (three) indicators, namely uniqueness, beauty, and authenticity. The mediating variable is the motivation of tourists as measured by 4 (four) indicators, namely: physical motivation, culture, social aspects, and fantasy. The dependent variable is the decision to visit that is measured by 5 (five) indicators, namely: convenience, facilities, image, motive, and knowledge. The type of data used is qualitative data sourced from primary data and collected using questionnaires given to tourists when tourists are at each tourist attraction or in the parking lot when they return to their respective hometowns. Respondents' answers were quantified and measured using a five-category Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Furthermore, the data is processed and analyzed using Warp Partial Least Square (Solimun, 2017).  36-45 years old. Based on the education level, 61% (highest percentage) of respondents had the latest education level of high school/secondary school, 30% have undergraduate level, 6% -diploma level, 2% -postgraduate level, and 1% -elementary school level. Based on the respondent's work, it is quite evenly distributed from various kinds of professions, in terms of students as much as 38%, private employees as much as 27%, civil servants as much as 18%, self-employed as much as 10%, and other professions as much as 7%. Based on the data it can be said that the respondents used are samples that can present the population, both in terms of gender, age, education, and occupation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The first step to ensure the feasibility of the model is to evaluate the suitability of the structural model in order to consider the acceptance of the research hypothesis. Verification of the suitability of the model (model fit) is carried out using WarpPLS 6 for the criteria and results of data processing as listed in Table 1.
Based on the data from the analysis as listed in Table 1, it can be concluded that all the criteria have met the requirements, or in other words, there is no multicollinearity. The calculation results, as listed in Table 2, show that the observed values have been reconstructed well as depicted from the value of Q Square.
The criterion for acceptance or rejection of a hypothesis is to pay attention to the p-value, where the hypothesis is accepted if the p-value is less than 0.05. Based on the data in Table 4, it can be concluded that accessibility has an indirect effect on visiting decisions through tourist motivation. Meanwhile, based on Table 3, it is known that accessibility does not significantly influence the tourist motivation variable so that the tourist motivation variable does not meet the requirements as a mediating variable. The effect of accessibility on visiting decisions is not mediated by the tourist motivation variable. Based on the analysis of the effect of accessibility on tourist motivation, it was found that accessibility had no significant effect on tourist motivation. This means that the better accessibility to and in Bumiaji tourist destinations, such as ease of access, quality of roads, travel time, and availability of public transportation, does not have an impact on increasing the motivation of tourists to visit Bumiaji tourism village. In other words, without any increase in accessibility, the motivation of tourists is still high. The results of this study are not in line with Dey et al. (2020), and Correia and Pimpao (2008), who concluded that accessibility has a significant effect on tourist motivation. Jin and Weber (2016) concluded that visitors prefer tourist destinations with good accessibility and attractive recreational environments. Meanwhile, Díez-Gutierrez and Babri (2020) state that tourists choose their main route based on travel time and road views. Access has a significant positive impact on tourist attitudes (Reitsamer et al., 2016).
The effect of amenities on tourist motivation shows that amenities have a significant effect on     The accessibility has a positive effect on the decision to visit through the motivation of tourists to Bumiaji tourism village, but it is not significant. This means that motivation is not a mediating variable between accessibility and the decision to visit because it does not meet the mediation requirements. This shows that although there is a positive influence of motivation on the decision to visit, if the accessibility conditions are not good, the motivation to visit also has no effect. The findings of this study are in line with Martaleni (2011), who concluded that supporting facilities are the attention of tourists in visiting tourist destinations. However, when compared with the conclusions of Luo and Ye (2020), the results of the study do not strengthen this conclusion, where the conclusion of Luo and Ye (2020) states that motivation is a mediating variable between generativity and intention to visit. The results showed that the available facilities will motivate tourists to come to visit a tourist attraction. Another finding shows that there is a positive influence of the attraction variable on the decision to visit through the motivation of tourists to visit Bumiaji tourism village, but it is not significant. This means that motivation is a mediating variable between attractions and visiting decisions, which means that the attractions (attractiveness) in tourist objects can attract the motivation of tourists. The results of this study are in line with Martaleni (2012) who also stated that attractions (tourist attractions) provide a high contribution to the quality of service perceived by tourists so that tourists who visit pay attention to the attractions offered. The results showed the relationship of attractions will motivate tourists to come to visit a tourist attraction. One of the key factors that can ensure the sustainability of tourism in a destination is the consistent competitiveness and attractiveness of destinations (Nadalipour et al., 2018).

CONCLUSION
This study has investigated the role of tourist motivation as a mediation of the influence of accessibility, amenities, and attractions on visitor decisions. The research findings explain that accessibility directly does not have a significant effect on tourist motivation. This means that the better accessibility as indicated by the ease of access, road quality, travel time, and the availability of public transportation in the tourist village, does not have an impact on the motivation of tourists to visit. Tourist motivation as indicated by physical, cultural, social, and cultural fantasy motivation does not mediate the relationship between accessibility and visitor decisions. However, the direct relationship between amenities and attractions on visitor decisions has a significant effect. This means increasing amenities and attractions can increase tourist motivation to visit. Further findings explain that tourist motivation can mediate the effect of amenities and attractions on tourist visiting decisions. Meanwhile, accessibility has a direct effect on visitor decisions in the sense that tourist motivation does not mediate the relationship between these two things.