Issue #1 (Volume 20 2025)

Social media facilitates banks’ interaction with consumers and provides critical information about their behaviors and preferences. Nevertheless, given the sensitive nature of financial information, maintaining stringent confidentiality is of paramount importance. This study aims to examine the impact of social media marketing (SMM) dimensions on customer knowledge management (CKM) in UAE public banks, focusing on the moderating role of banking confidentiality. The study utilized a quantitative methodology with a correlational framework; data were collected from 283 respondents, who are active customers of First Abu Dhabi Bank, Emirates NBD, and Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, through a structured questionnaire. These customers were surveyed to understand their interaction with social media campaigns, the information banks request from them, their willingness to share personal data, and their perceptions of safety and legal protections. The results revealed a strong positive relationship between SMM dimensions and CKM, with SMM explaining 65.9% of the variance in CKM outcomes (R² = 0.659, p < 0.01). Among the SMM dimensions, customization had the highest impact (R² = 0.766), followed by word-of-mouth (R² = 0.697) and aesthetics (R² = 0.651). Additionally, confidentiality was found to significantly enhance the effectiveness of SMM, with a moderating effect increasing explained variance by 6.5% (ΔR² = 0.065, β = 0.25, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that public banks in the UAE should integrate personalized SMM strategies with stringent confidentiality measures to optimize CKM. This approach not only enhances customer engagement but also builds trust, fostering sustainable growth in the digital era.

Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at University of Bisha for supporting this work through the Fast-Track Research Support Program.

Bank deposits are vital for the economy, serving as a primary source of funding for banks that facilitate lending, investment, consumption, and overall economic growth. This article aims to examine how oil price fluctuations and inflation, two critical macroeconomic variables, influence bank deposits in Azerbaijan, an energy-exporting country. The primary purpose is to reveal the extent to which these factors, particularly in the context of Azerbaijan’s role as an energy exporter, affect the stability and liquidity of the banking sector. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Granger causality testing, the study analyzes the dynamic relationships among these variables. The findings demonstrate a significant long-term relationship and causal effects between oil prices, inflation, and bank deposits. Specifically, a one-unit increase in oil prices results in a 0.057-unit rise in bank deposits, underscoring the positive impact of oil price increases on banking sector liquidity. Conversely, a one-unit increase in inflation decreases bank deposits by 0.812 units in the long term, highlighting inflation’s detrimental effect on financial stability.

This paper studies the use of mobile banking in Jordan and the factors affecting its adoption through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It examines user behavior across new banking technologies and resistance to adoption, focusing on factors such as perceived ease of use, usefulness, cost, social influence, and trust. The study employed convenience sampling because of privacy restrictions and the lack of a reliable customer database. 498 individuals completed a structured questionnaire, and 437 of them provided valid answers (87.8%). Using a 5-point Likert scale, the questionnaire evaluated demographic information and opinions about the adoption of mobile banking. The responses were analyzed using SmartPLS software. The results reveal that perceived usefulness is a key predictor of the willingness of the Jordanian population to adopt mobile banking. Perceived risk also positively impacts mobile banking usage, while perceived ease of use presents a moderate but significant barrier to adoption. Perceived ease of use also has a significant influence on perceived usefulness, which mediates its effect on adoption. While social influence plays an important role in adopting mobile banking services, trust does not directly affect the intention to use these services.

This study examines the impact of sustainable finance factors on bank performance in Bangladesh. It utilizes annual data from 24 listed commercial banks in Bangladesh from 2016 to 2022. It focuses on three sustainable finance factors: green finance, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and digitalization. These factors ensure sustainable finance practices by prioritizing eco-friendly investments, responsible business operations, operational efficiency, and reduced resource consumption rather than focusing solely on short-term profit maximization. Return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used to measure the performance of commercial banks. This study incorporates default rate and bank size as control variables to consider inherent risk and operational scale, resulting in a more precise evaluation of the impact of digitization, CSR, and green financing on bank performance. Traditional and dynamic panel regression models, including feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and random effects models, are applied to ensure robust findings. The findings indicate that green finance exhibits an insignificant impact on bank performance. However, corporate social responsibility (CSR) demonstrates a statistically significant positive effect on ROE through positive marketing, enhancing reputation, and building shareholder loyalty towards banks. Conversely, digitalization shows a statistically significant negative effect on performance, implying that initial implementation costs and challenges may outweigh the benefits. In addition, control variables, including default rate and bank size, exhibit a statistically significant negative relationship with performance measures. This suggests that higher default rates indicate increased credit risk and financial losses, while larger bank sizes may lead to inefficiencies due to agency costs and organizational complexities.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment, training perception, organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior within the banking sector. Data were gathered from 250 employees of commercial banks in Dhaka, Bangladesh, utilizing an online survey questionnaire. This quantitative and exploratory study ultimately analyzed a final sample of 200 participants, using a convenience sampling method. A five-point Likert scale was applied to assess replies, with “1” signifying “Strongly Disagree” and “5” signifying “Strongly Agree.” SPSS was applied to test the research model. A positive and significant relationship was revealed between organizational commitment, perception of training, organizational support, and citizenship behavior. Based on these findings, bank management should leverage organizational commitment, perceived training, and perceived organizational support to enhance citizenship behavior among employees, thereby improving overall bank performance. The perceived training (β = 0.287; p < 0.05) had the highest effect on organizational citizenship behavior, while organizational commitment (β = 0.275; p < 0.05) had the lowest effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Specifically, the standardized beta coefficient for perceived training suggests that improvements in employee perceptions of training are associated with notable increases in organizational citizenship behavior, making it the most influential factor in this analysis. In comparison, organizational commitment, with a lower beta coefficient also positively affects organizational citizenship behavior, but to a lesser degree than perceived training. The results of this study are advantageous for the banking industry and strategists seeking to promote organizational citizenship behavior among their employees.

Assessing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices in the banking sector is becoming increasingly important. This study aims to analyze the correlation between ESG scores and the performance of banks. The ESG data were gathered using a Bloomberg database. Using fixed-effect estimation for a static model, this study examines a balanced panel sample of 15 Jordanian-listed banks from 2009 to 2023. Based on multivariate regression, the study outcomes suggest that Jordanian banks with higher ESG scores perform better in operating and market performance. Stakeholder theory supports this. Accordingly, the R2 values for the study models were 23.9% for the ROA model and 18.7% for Tobin’s Q, respectively, showing the high explanatory power of both models. Therefore, an increase of one point in ESG scores leads to a corresponding rise in ROA and Tobin’s Q 0.496 and 0.370, respectively. Regarding control variables, leverage has a negative correlation coefficient of –0.169 and –0.253, respectively, in both the ROA and Tobin’s Q models. According to the ROA model, a one-unit increase in bank size leads to a 0.309-unit increase in bank performance and a 0.115-unit increase, according to Tobin’s Q model. Similarly, as the bank ages by one year, its performance improves, with the ROA and Tobin’s Q models showing increases of 0.216 and 0.116 units, respectively. Additionally, the financial development showed correlation coefficients of 0.108 and 0.045 for the ROA and Tobin’s Q models, respectively. However, the ESG committee does not affect the performance of banks.

Acknowledgment
This research was funded through the annual funding track by the Deanship of Scientific Research, from the Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [Grant NO. KFU242703].

In recent years, the digital transformation of financial institutions has gained the attention of researchers and practitioners all over the world. This study investigates the impact of organizational, environmental, and technological factors on the digital transformation process of Jordanian banks. The approach used in this study is quantitative, and an online questionnaire was forwarded to employees in 15 Jordanian banks. The convenience sampling method was utilized to collect data from 286 participants with a response rate of 35%. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for analysis. The results show a significant positive relationship between organizational, environmental, and technological factors and digital transformation, which confirmed the imperative role of organizational, technological, and environmental factors in the digital transition process in Jordanian banks. The results highlight the need for Jordanian banks to develop explicit strategies that involve the integration of new technologies, regulatory frameworks that encourage modern technology adoption, and dealing with different environmental factors. The study thus proposes recommendations for Jordanian banks to achieve maximum benefit from digital transformation and manage the difficulties arising from this transformation in the changing banking sector.

In today’s volatile financial environment, banks encounter various risks, including political instability, regulatory changes, and global market fluctuations, which can undermine efficiency and threaten systemic stability. This study focuses on banking efficiency in the MENA region, highlighting its crucial role in economic growth and financial stability. This paper addresses the gap in banking efficiency research in the MENA region by evaluating the technical and pure technical efficiency of 59 conventional banks from 11 MENA countries between 2019 and 2023 and identifying the internal and external factors affecting their efficiency. Using a Data Envelopment Analysis, the study evaluates efficiency based on three inputs and two outputs. A panel Tobit regression model is then applied to analyze the impact of eight internal factors and four external factors on efficiency. The findings indicate that just 16% of the MENA banks were technically efficient, with Qatari banks outperforming and banks in Morocco and Jordan underperforming. The Tobit regression model results indicate that both return on assets and capital adequacy positively influence technical efficiency (TE) and pure technical efficiency (PTE). In contrast, Liquidity and operational costs negatively affect PTE and TE. Non-performing loans negatively impact TE but not PTE, and macroeconomic factors positively influence both TE and PTE. In conclusion, banks in the MENA region must prioritize improving their efficiency to stay competitive. The findings offer valuable insights into operational best practices and provide practical guidance for policymakers, regulators, and banking institutions to enhance the performance of the region’s financial systems.

The implementation of Basel III regulations has become a crucial factor influencing the financial performance of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of Basel III implementation on the financial performance of the banking industry in Bangladesh. The research utilizes secondary data from 20 commercial banks in Bangladesh, including state-owned, private, and Islamic banks. It offers a diverse and representative sample of Bangladesh’s banking sector, covering the period from 2014 to 2023. This variety ensures a comprehensive understanding of different banking models and their challenges, representing the scenario of the whole industry. A multivariate regression model with fixed effects, determined by the Hausman test, was employed to analyze the relationship between capital adequacy (CRAR, Core Capital Tier-1, Tier-1, and Tier-2 Capital Ratios) and bank-specific factors (size, provisions) on performance indicators (ROA and NPL). The findings reveal that higher capital adequacy, particularly the Tier-1 Capital Ratio, and CRAR, positively influences bank profitability (measured by ROA) and reduces NPLs. Conversely, larger bank size correlates with lower ROA and higher NPLs, and increased provisions also lead to higher NPLs. These results underscore the significance of Basel III in enhancing the financial performance and stability of the banking sector in Bangladesh, suggesting that more substantial capital buffers can improve profitability and reduce risks associated with non-performing loans.

In light of the fast expansion of digital banking, it is of the utmost importance to know the causes driving the acceptance of Islamic digital-only banks, particularly in Indonesia, which has a considerable Muslim population. This study examines the influence of religiosity and environmental concern on switching behavior towards Islamic digital-only banks in Indonesia. This study conducts an exploratory examination of how religiosity and environmental concerns influence switching behavior towards Islamic digital-only banks. Data from a survey involving 99 respondents in Indonesia were examined utilizing structural equation modeling with partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The study’s findings show that environmental concern significantly influences switching behavior to Islamic digital-only banks, with a path coefficient of 0.259 (p < 0.01). Religiosity also positively affects switching behavior, though with a weaker effect (path coefficient 0.175, p < 0.05). Environmental concern emerged as a stronger predictor of switching intentions compared to religiosity. The model explains 13.6% of the variance in switching behavior (R² = 0.136). These findings reveal that environmental considerations and religiosity play a role in shaping switching intentions towards Islamic digital-only banks, with environmental factors having a more pronounced effect. To promote adoption, Islamic digital-only banks should emphasize their environmental benefits and sustainability initiatives in addition to Sharia compliance.

This study aims to examine the impact of artificial intelligence through robotic process automation systems on internal audit operation efficiency in Jordanian commercial banks. The study uses a descriptive methodology to evaluate how robotic process automation systems enhance the different dimensions of internal audit efficiency: planning, management, execution, and communication. The study designed a structured questionnaire for data collection. The sample consisted of 12 commercial bank employees whose working processes are directly affected by robotic process automation system procedures which puts them in a unique position to comment on the practical applicability of this technology and its implications for internal audit. In this study, 480 electronic questionnaires were distributed via Google Forms, and 390 completed forms were collected for further analysis. The study employs descriptive statistics and advanced statistical techniques, such as linear regression analysis, for data analysis. The findings indicate that robotic process automation systems enhance the internal audit process by reducing the cost of operations, eliminating human errors, and smoothing work processes. The robotic process automation system will allow continuous auditing, real-time risk management, and proper reporting; hence, it will change the role of internal auditors and, in the end, improve organizational compliance and performance. This study asserts that the banking industry must integrate AI-driven automation to maintain its competitiveness in the constantly changing financial landscape.

This study investigates the relationship between big data and knowledge sharing and how they can be linked to banking innovation, including process and product innovation. In this study, questionnaires are tailored to fit the hypotheses formulated from data collected from 279 participants (including managers from several departments of the bank such as administration, research & development, accounting, operations, marketing, and sales) at the Housing Bank for Trade operating in the city of Irbid, Jordan. To get a correct result, this study used the structural equation model ‘SEM’ and found a positive relationship between big data and innovation in products and processes, which is confirmed by the data. BID positively affects product innovation (β = 0.302; p < 0.001) and process innovation (β = 0.286; p < 0.001). Also, the study confirms that mediating “knowledge sharing” plays a significant role in innovation and big data in the bank. This study brought evidence that big data is the major dimension that leads to knowledge sharing and innovation performance. The findings also show that companies must employ counterintuitive strategies when developing innovative products or services that differ significantly, quite a bit, from the established expectations of consumersи?. Ultimately, to reap the benefits of technology such as big data and market-driven investing, organizations must invest in both. To orchestrate dynamic capabilities required by innovation, organizational models, roles, and management methods need to be revised.

This study was conducted to explore and measure the relationship between leadership style, internal legal compliance culture, organizational trust, and employee engagement in the banking sector from the perspective of managerial perceptions. Data were collected through a survey of 386 managers currently working at 35 commercial banks in Vietnam. The results of the two-stage partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis indicate that managers’ leadership styles have a positive impact on the implementation of internal legal compliance culture and enhance employee engagement. Additionally, the enforcement of internal legal compliance culture positively increases organizational trust, which in turn influences employee engagement in the banking industry. The study’s findings provide empirical evidence on the influence of leadership style and the implementation of internal legal compliance culture on promoting stability and sustainable development in the banking sector of emerging economies. At the same time, the study emphasizes that a strong internal legal compliance culture not only ensures regulatory adherence but also fosters a work environment where employees feel valued and secure. When employees perceive that their organization operates ethically and transparently, they are more likely to develop a sense of engagement, thereby strengthening their overall involvement. This heightened engagement can lead to improved job performance, lower turnover rates, and greater organizational efficiency in the banking sector.

Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief and a reviewer for their helpful comments that, in our view, have helped to improve the quality of the manuscript significantly. Besides, this study is the result of collaboration between researchers from the University of Law, Hue University, and School of Business and Economics, Duy Tan University. The authors would like to thank both institutions for their support and facilitation in the publication of this research.

This study aims to explore the factors influencing individuals’ intention to use digital banking services and investigate the role of Resonance FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) in moderating the relationship between intention and actual usage behavior in Indonesia. Quantitative methodologies are implemented in the investigation, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling with WarpPLS for data analysis. A survey was conducted with 380 respondents in Indonesia using a Likert-scale questionnaire to measure various variables, including Effort Expectancy, Hedonic Motivation, Facilitating Conditions, Price Value, Performance Expectancy, and Perceived Risk. The results indicate that Effort Expectancy, Performance Expectancy, Price Value, and Perceived Risk significantly impact users’ intention to use digital banking services, while Facilitating Conditions and Hedonic Motivation did not have a significant influence. Furthermore, the study reveals that Intention to Use strongly affects actual Use Behavior, with Resonance FOMO acting as a positive moderator, the relationship between intention and behavior is improved. The results offer significant understanding of the psychological and environmental elements influencing digital banking adoption in emerging markets. These results offer practical implications for digital banking providers and policymakers seeking to increase user acceptance and engagement by addressing these key influencing factors.

Southeast Asian countries, as members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), hold the second-largest Sharia financial assets globally. This study aims to assess the comparative performance of Islamic banks across ASEAN, examine the relationship between Islamic conformity, profitability, and green banking practices, and compare performance indicators between Malaysian and Indonesian Islamic banks. The sample includes Islamic banks from Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Thailand, and the Philippines. The findings reveal consistent adherence to Sharia principles across all banks, demonstrating strong Islamic conformity. However, financial performance indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) show significant variability, reflecting differences in operational efficiency and profitability. Green banking practices positively correlate with profitability, particularly ROA and NPM, emphasizing the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives in enhancing operational efficiency and customer loyalty. The comparative analysis highlights that while both Malaysian and Indonesian Islamic banks exhibit consistent Islamic conformity, Malaysian banks outperform their Indonesian counterparts in green banking practices and profitability. This advantage is attributed to Malaysia’s advanced regulatory environment, which promotes sustainable finance, whereas Indonesian banks face greater profitability variability, necessitating improved governance and operational strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, showcasing how Islamic financial principles can integrate with sustainability practices to achieve profitability and environmental responsibility in Islamic banking.

Acknowledgment(s)
The authors extend their gratitude to the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia for funding this research and to the Research and Community Service Centre of Universitas Mercu Buana for their valuable support.

This study explores rural banks’ efforts to leverage intangible assets, particularly organizational culture, to achieve financial sustainability. It examines how organizational culture influences service innovation and how social capital strengthens these relationships to support financial sustainability. The study utilized a quantitative research design targeting a population of 132 rural banks in Bali Province, Indonesia. Using a non-probability sampling technique, specifically saturation sampling, 131 valid samples were analyzed after excluding one due to unreliable data. Data were collected through survey questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis. The results indicate that organizational culture positively influences financial sustainability (path coefficient = 0.104, p = 0.027) and service innovation (path coefficient = 0.141, p = 0.015). Service innovation significantly enhances financial sustainability (path coefficient = 0.741, p = 0.000). Moreover, social capital strengthens the relationship between organizational culture and service innovation (interaction term coefficient = 0.167, p = 0.013) and contributes positively to financial sustainability (interaction term coefficient = 0.124, p = 0.019). However, social capital negatively impacts financial sustainability (path coefficient = –0.51, p = 0.000) and service innovation (path coefficient = –0.688, p = 0.000). These findings underscore the importance of fostering a robust organizational culture and prioritizing service innovation to overcome resource constraints and achieve financial sustainability. The study aligns with contingency theory, highlighting that optimal actions depend on the specific internal and external conditions faced by rural banks.

This study aims to explore the application of the SERVQUAL (service quality) model in Nepal’s banking sector, focusing on how its five measurements – tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy – affect customer satisfaction. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a stratified random sample of 384 customers from various banks in Nepal. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire based on the SERVQUAL model, complemented by semi-structured interviews to capture both quantitative and qualitative insights into service quality measurements and overall satisfaction. The result of the study is that customer satisfaction was significantly high, with 77.4% of respondents indicating satisfaction with banking services, particularly appreciating the clarity of forms at 82.6%. The regression analysis revealed that tangibility, reliability, and responsiveness were the main factors influencing customer satisfaction, with coefficients of 0.335, 0.204, and 0.281, respectively. The findings indicate that tangibility, reliability, and responsiveness are the most influential factors affecting customer satisfaction in Nepalese banks, with significant positive relationships confirmed through regression analysis. While assurance and empathy also contribute positively, their impact is comparatively weaker, highlighting the critical areas for banks to focus on to enrich overall customer satisfaction and commitment. The study concluded that customer satisfaction is generally positive, especially in areas like the ease of understanding processes and online services. Significant opportunities for improvement exist in ATM services and overall banking operations. This underscores the necessity for banks to adapt and enhance their offerings to cultivate greater customer loyalty and retention in a competitive market.

Capital adequacy plays an important role in the banking system through absorbing potential losses and financial shocks. This study aims to examine the determinants of bank capital adequacy in Arab countries (Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE). The study uses macroeconomic factors such as economic growth and interest, while bank-specific factors include non-performing loans, profitability, and bank size. This study employed Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) to examine the panel data from 2017 to 2023. The results showed that annual interest and non-performing loans negatively affect bank capital adequacy, while profitability and bank size positively impact capital adequacy (CAR). In contrast, economic growth has no significant effect on CAR. In addition, as can be seen from pairwise Granger causality, this study provided ample evidence for two ways of causality between the variables of credit risk and CAR, and between profitability and CAR. The results found that Arab banking sectors are compliant with the minimum capital requirements released by Basel Accord III. The findings suggest that bank managers are encouraged to be more selective in credit facilities and consider interest changes while formulating their capital regulations to absorb any potential risk in the banking system.

To survive the competition in the banking industry after the fintech uprisings, banks implement various collaborations, but they often turn out to be unsuccessful. This study examines the impact of collaboration capability on bank performance sustainability, as well as how ambidextrous leadership and digital capability influence it. The methodological framework includes the development of instruments based on previous literature and quantitative procedures. The data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 101 private commercial banks in Indonesia. The proposed model is analyzed using structural equation modelling techniques with partial least squares (SEM-PLS), using SmartPLS 4.0. This study’s findings show that collaboration capability has a direct positive effect on bank performance sustainability, digital capability has a direct positive effect on both collaboration capability and bank performance sustainability; while ambidextrous leadership has a direct positive effect on collaboration capability but not on bank performance sustainability. This study contributes to the development and validation of a new model on the influence of collaboration capability on performance sustainability along with the influence of ambidextrous leadership and digital capability in the Indonesian banking sector.

The integration of digital financial technology has revolutionized the global financial system, driving financial inclusion as an important pillar of sustainable economic development. This study examines the multidimensional effects of Digital Financial Technology and Financial Inclusion on Economic Development in middle- and high-income countries. The study employs various indicators of financial inclusion and technology, namely access to the internet, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), bank branches, and the number of depositors examined using panel regression analysis covering 20 middle-income countries and 22 high-income countries from 2010 to 2021.
The regression analysis results show that ATMs, internet access, bank branches, and the number of depositors all have a positive correlation with the Index of Human Development, which was used to measure economic development. This supports the idea that wider use of technology and increased financial inclusion can lead to higher levels of human development. Conversely, the study highlights a negative correlation between inflation rates (as a control variable) and Human Development Index (HDI) emphasizing the significance of maintaining price stability for sustained economic progress.
The study concludes that digital financial technology and financial inclusion positively impact the economic development of countries and the disparity between middle- and high-income countries. So, the middle-income countries should prioritize the development of financial technology and policies to promote financial inclusion.

Acknowledgment
The Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at Philadelphia University and Middle East University support this paper.

The article investigates the impact of commercial banks’ liquidity sensitivity following the bank-run phenomenon. Using data from 25 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2010 to 2022, the Sys.GMM estimation results reveal that banks with more considerable equity capital and total assets exhibit higher liquidity sensitivity after a bank run. Additionally, larger banks are more likely to adopt liquidity management strategies that involve borrowing. The study also finds that banks with more substantial financial performance, higher loan-to-deposit ratios, and a more extensive spread between loan and deposit interest rates demonstrate lower liquidity sensitivity after experiencing a bank run, suggesting that these banks have more effective liquidity risk management strategies. Notably, for banks with a high proportion of state ownership, the liquidity sensitivity of all factors decreases following the bank-run event. The findings suggest several policy implications for bank managers regarding liquidity management and developing strategies to mitigate the effects of bank runs.

The rapid advancement of digital transformation has brought significant changes to the banking industry, raising questions about its impact on financial performance. This study aims to analyze the effects of digital transformation on the profitability of Indonesian commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018–2023 period. Utilizing a sample of 216 observations derived from 47 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the study employed quantitative panel data regression techniques to assess the relationship between digital transformation and key financial metrics, with the data structure as an unbalanced panel. The findings indicate that digital transformation measured through textual analysis negatively and significantly impacts both ROA and ROE, with coefficients of –0.202 (p-value = 0.001) and –1.022 (p-value = 0.022), respectively. Digital transformation measured through sentiment analysis negatively and significantly affects ROA with a coefficient of –0.746 (p-value = 0.044), though it does not significantly impact ROE (coefficient = –1.740, p-value = 0.423). The resource-based view emphasizes that strategic resource planning and intelligent resource allocation are required to convert digital transformation initiatives into a sustainable competitive advantage that generates profitability. These results highlight that while digital transformation initiatives may enhance operational efficiency, they come with short-term costs to profitability. The study also underscores the importance of aligning digital transformation strategies with long-term financial objectives to ensure sustainable growth and profitability in the banking sector.

The study aims to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction, work engagement, and turnover intention in state-owned commercial banks in Indonesia. The study surveyed 200 female employees who had been working at the bank for at least two years. The samples were drawn from office branches of four state-owned banks across twelve different cities/regencies in seven provinces on Sulawesi Island in Indonesia. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to ensure that each indicator appropriately defined its constructs of the variables. The study applied Composite Reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) to verify that the loading weights and measurement models met the SEM requirements. The findings indicate that job satisfaction positively influences work engagement. This indicates that female employees who are highly satisfied with their superiors, promotion opportunities, and financial benefits in state-owned banks, especially those who are married, older, and have children, exhibit higher levels of engagement. Additionally, the study found that job satisfaction and work engagement negatively affect turnover intention, suggesting that highly satisfied and engaged employees are more likely to remain loyal to the organization and less likely to think about looking for another job. This effect is particularly strong among middle-aged and married employees, who may feel a heightened responsibility to support their family’s economic stability.

Acknowledgments
This research represents an internal project by the Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University. The study was enriched through contributions from various stakeholders, primarily professionals employed in state-owned banks across six provinces on Sulawesi Island. Additional support was provided by faculty members and students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, who facilitated the distribution of surveys across the study areas. The authors wish to extend their profound gratitude to Farhana Sumardi, a lecturer at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University, for her invaluable efforts in compiling the literature referenced in this study.

Corporate Social Responsibility is a crucial aspect of a company’s strategic plans. Stakeholders prioritize the social and environmental impacts of a company’s operations in their decision-making process regarding its performance. This has encouraged companies to begin voluntarily reporting annually on the social and environmental impacts of their businesses, which has become widely known as Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between board size, enterprise risk management, and corporate social responsibility disclosure in Islamic banks listed on GCC stock markets. It also explores the role of enterprise risk management as a mediating variable in the relationship between board size and corporate social responsibility disclosure. The results show that larger board sizes are positively significant to increased corporate social responsibility disclosure and enterprise risk management using the fixed-effect regression analysis. Specifically, enterprise risk management completely mediates the linkage between board size and corporate social responsibility disclosure. Indeed, this positive relationship between the size of a board and enterprise risk management reinforces the argument from practice that larger boards provide better oversight of the management of risks. The robust enterprise risk management framework equips banks in a better position to identify social and environmental risks to the business and, consequently, contribute to more transparent corporate social responsibility disclosures. Thus, the larger boards are important for effective risk management and more transparency on issues of corporate social responsibility, which can improve the organization’s reputation and strengthen stakeholder confidence.

Bank capital management plays a crucial role in guaranteeing financial stability, particularly in emerging and frontier markets, where economic volatility, regulatory constraints, and financial market underdevelopment present significant challenges. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to explore investigation trends, emerging themes, and regional disparities in bank capital management. The research methodology includes a systematic review of 1,031 relevant documents from the Scopus database, analyzed using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny to visualize and assess the evolution of academic discourse. The findings reveal that research on bank capital management has grown significantly since the 1980s, with a mean annual growth rate of 26.2%, particularly following financial crises. Most publications originate from the USA, UK, India, China, and Australia, with key contributions from institutions like the IMF and the World Bank. Thematic analysis shows a shift from broad economic and financial studies towards specialized topics like digital banking, fintech, and capital structure adjustments. Co-authorship and citation analysis highlight strong academic collaboration, particularly within Southeast Asia and Anglo-American networks. Despite the growth in literature, significant research gaps persist. There is a lack of comprehensive studies on African and Latin American banking systems, with a predominant focus on Asian emerging markets. While risk management and regulatory compliance remain central themes, empirical research on capital structure adjustment, particularly the speed at which banks adapt to Basel III requirements, remains fragmented. Additionally, climate-related financial risks and sustainable finance are underexplored areas despite their growing importance in global banking stability.

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting Islamic banks’ non-performing finance in financing Indonesia’s agricultural sector. It uses secondary data from the annual financial statements of 12 Islamic commercial banks from 2014–2022 obtained from the Indonesian Financial Services Authority. The analysis used the partial least squares-structural equation modeling method to test the relationship between independent variables: murabahah financing, mudharabah, number of bank offices, and profit-sharing non-profit investment, with non-performing finance as the dependent variable. The financing-to-deposit ratio is a mediation variable that helps understand indirect influence. The results show that financing with murabahah and mudharabah contracts does not directly influence non-performing finance but becomes significant when mediated by the financing-to-deposit ratio. In contrast, the number of bank offices and profit-sharing non-profit investments did not significantly influence non-performing finance, either directly or through financing to deposit ratio. These findings indicate that the financing-to-deposit ratio plays a key role in managing the financing risk of Islamic banks in the agricultural sector, so an optimal liquidity management strategy is essential for maintaining financial stability. The study’s implications show that Islamic banks need to manage the financing-to-deposit ratio more strategically to reduce the risk of non-performing financing. In addition, although murabahah and mudharabah financing can be the main instruments in supporting the agricultural sector, banks need to increase risk supervision so that non-performing finance remains under control. This study contributes to the Islamic banking literature by providing new insights into the role of financing-to-deposit ratio mediation in managing financing risk in the agricultural sector.

Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana from the Faculty of Environmental Management at Prince of Songkla University for helping analyze using the software and Kautsar Riza Salman from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Hayam Wuruk University for helping review so that the writing becomes better.

The importance of this study is underscored by the increasing significance of economic resilience in the face of global instability. The Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict, initiated by Russia in 2022, has caused profound shifts in the geopolitical and economic environment, affecting capital flows, foreign exchange transactions, and the credit and financial policies of countries in the region. For the Republic of Armenia, whose economy is closely tied to external markets, such events present both substantial challenges and opportunities for adaptation and transformation within the banking sector. The objective of this article is to analyze the dynamics of financial results of commercial banks in Armenia and assess the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict on the functioning of the banking system. By analyzing financial data from five leading banks from 2020 to 2023, the study evaluates key indicators such as total assets, net profit, capital, and loan portfolios. The findings indicate significant growth in financial indicators, particularly in 2022 and 2023, driven by increased remittances, migration, and tourism flows from Russia and Ukraine. The results suggest that, despite the challenges posed by the conflict, the Armenian banking sector demonstrated resilience and capitalized on external economic shifts. This study concludes that geopolitical crises can create opportunities for the financial sector when managed effectively. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of the conflict on Armenia’s broader economy and the adaptation of banking policies to future geopolitical challenges.

Acknowledgment
Contributions of people who add to the success of this research are hereby recognized. Thanks for your contributions.