Issue #1 (Volume 18 2020)

This paper aims at comparing the management perspectives with the audit conditions in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries (the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Poland, and Hungary) in the following areas: legislation governing the auditing, statutory duty of auditing, mandatory rotation of auditors in public interest entities, requirements on auditors and professional activities, and audit supervision organizations. The paper also tests the hypothesis whether there is a relationship between the size of the accounting entity and the auditor’s opinion.
The methodology is based on the statistical analysis of the data using the Chi-square test of independence applied to a sample of 800 randomly selected accounting entities from all V4 countries (200 per each country in question).
The results demonstrated significant differences in the management approaches to financial reporting, especially in the area of the statutory duty of auditing. In addition, quantitative research was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between the size of the accounting entity and the auditor’s opinion. At the 5% significance level, no such dependence has been found for any of the V4 countries, but at the 10% significance level, the dependence has already been proved in case of the Republic of Poland and Hungary.
The practical value of the obtained results is the knowledge of how to manage accounting standards for business entities in the V4 countries, as well as to determine the statutory duty to audit financial statements. These results might be of a special practical importance for business managers, tax authorities, and auditors operating in the EU countries.

This paper addresses the key aspects of project management of organizational performance in the context of changing economic market relations and seeks for an alternative approach to fill the representation gap. Employee’s voice is chosen as the case of organizational performance, as it is important in many ways. In this context, key question is whether partnership mechanism could help labor union revival and increase mutual gains outcomes. In order to address the issues, first of all, the paper reviews the concept of employee’s voice, the features of direct communication, and representative participation, including consultation and partnership. Next, it explores the recent evolution of industrial relations in Kazakhstan and explains why the representation gap is important. Then it looks into the real business case study of the National Railway Company Kazakhstan to understand the features of partnership. The conclusion suggests that there is a need for a mix of direct communication and representative participation to fill the representation gap effectively, and partnership could be an effective mechanism to establish the cooperative industrial relations.

Acknowledgment
This paper was written within PhD project “Barriers and solutions to small and medium entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan” (Ayana Zhaxylykova, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University).

Growing competition in the market forces primarily small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to implement certain mechanisms that will allow them to build an advantage over the competition. Most often, SMEs try to work together as part of multi-stakeholder organizations and organize themselves into group purchasing organizations (GPOs) with the central warehouse to improve the financial state of enterprises. The article aims to assess and analyze the impact of the central warehouse on the performance of Polish SMEs operating in group purchasing organizations. The research group comprised of 172 trading enterprises operating in Polish group purchasing organizations. The investigated companies were divided into two groups. In the first group, there were companies operating within GPOs, which have a central warehouse. In the second group, there were companies in which central unit does not have a central warehouse. The analysis and research showed that the central warehouse has a positive impact on financial security of small and medium enterprises operating in group purchasing organizations. The use of central warehouse optimizes the most costly current assets component – inventories. This is confirmed by better results of inventory turnover ratios in days, reduced share of inventories in the structure of current assets, and optimization of financial liquidity ratios.

Determining the level of financial and economic security of an enterprise allows assessing the real possibilities to confront internal and external challenges and defining the potential for future development. To develop proposals on assessing this level, the study uses data on machine-building enterprises of Zaporizhzhia region (Ukraine) and applies integral method, regression analysis and normalization. The expert evaluation method was used to form the system of key parameters. The experts were economists, the accounting departments’ and the economic security departments’ members of the studied enterprises. The experts selected six indices that they consider to be the most representative of the financial and economic security of an enterprise. These parameters were used to calculate the integral indicator of the level of financial and economic security of enterprises. Harrington’s approach was used to group enterprises according to their level of financial and economic security (very high, high, steady, satisfactory and unsatisfactory). The calculations have shown that the integral indicator of financial and economic security of the enterprises of Zaporizhzhia region ranged from 0.32 to 0.66 for the period 2014–2018. It was justified that along with the support of financial stability, solvency, business activity, profitability, investment attractiveness and innovativeness and absent sharp changes in the environment, the level of financial and economic security of machine builders will increase from 0.4 to 11.9%.

Acknowledgment
The study was carried out within the framework of the state budget theme (state registration number 0117U000512), Establishment of Business Incubators on the Basis of Innovative Development and Ensuring National Financial and Economic Security (2017–2019), Faculty of Economics, Zaporizhzhya National University.

Universities and funders in many countries have been using Journal Impact Factor (JIF) as an indicator for research and grant assessment despite its controversial nature as a statistical representation of scientific quality. This study investigates how the changes of JIF over the years can affect its role in research evaluation and science management by using JIF data from annual Journal Citation Reports (JCR) to illustrate the changes. The descriptive statistics find out an increase in the median JIF for the top 50 journals in the JCR, from 29.300 in 2017 to 33.162 in 2019. Moreover, on average, elite journal families have up to 27 journals in the top 50. In the group of journals with a JIF of lower than 1, the proportion has shrunk by 14.53% in the 2015–2019 period. The findings suggest a potential ‘JIF bubble period’ that science policymaker, university, public fund managers, and other stakeholders should pay more attention to JIF as a criterion for quality assessment to ensure more efficient science management.

The paper studies the theoretical and methodological principles, regularities, and new trends in the formation of international production networks (IPNs) in the global economic space. It determines the imperatives of their development, substantiating the priority nature of integrating national actors into IPNs. The author applies the methods of fuzzy clustering and classification using the artificial intelligence technologies to data on the dynamics of key economic and technological markers of 35 countries in the 2007–2016 time frame.
The work identifies a clustering-like structure in the sample country set; allowing determining patterns in the correlation between a country’s manifested potential for ascending into and within international production networks and certain development and international integration indicators. The sample is thus grouped into six clusters based on the degree of integration into IPNs. Due to the use of classification analysis, the rules for assigning a country to a particular cluster were obtained. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the main imperative for the development of international production networks is innovative development. The overall concept of localization of Ukrainian enterprises at all stages of value creation within networks was offered.

The process of world globalization, labor, and academic mobility, the visa-free regime with the EU countries have caused a significant revival of migration processes in Ukraine. However, there is still the research gap in the most informative, and, at the same time, accurate method of the assessment and forecasting of the migration flows. Thus, the object of research is migration processes (mostly emphasizing the emigration flows). The motives, causes of emigration processes, and their relationship with the economic state were analyzed. The impact factors of external labor migration on the economy of the host countries were revealed, particularly the negative and positive impacts of emigration on the socio-economic situation in Ukraine and the migration attitude of Ukrainians were assessed.
The main result of study is further development of the econometric model for forecasting the number of emigrants from Ukraine to other countries in the nearest future. The model considers the factors of minimum wage lavel in Ukraine, the number of open vacancies in the countries of Eastern Europe, and the level of competition for jobs. According to the results of forecasting based on Maple computer algebra system and Microsoft Power BI analytical platform, by the end of 2019, the number of emigrants from Ukraine supposed to be the largest in the last four years and to reach the estimates in the range from 2,444 to 2,550 million people, which may indicate a new third wave of emigration processes.

Waste management has posed a lot of threats to both humanity and the stability of the natural environment. This study specifically investigated whether public relations’ media enlightenment campaign has any significant influence on waste management and also studied whether public relations’ community participation has any significant influence on waste management. The population of the study consists of residents of Enugu metropolis. Survey method was adopted for the study, and the sample size of 384 residents were determined using Cochran’s method. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to determine the reliability of 0.980. Using the convenience sampling technique, the questionnaires were distributed to 384 residents, and 295 of them were duly filled and validated. Using simple linear regression for data analysis, the findings revealed that public relations’ media public enlightenment campaign strategy has a significant influence on waste management (r = 0.933; t = 76.736; F = 5888.365; p < 0.05). Similarly, it was revealed that public relations’ community participation strategy has a significant influence on waste management (r = 0.930; t = 76.280; F = 5667.029; p < 0.05). Ergo, there is a need to improve on media public enlightenment campaign strategy towards educating and encouraging waste management behavior among residents through an adequate traditional and social media awareness campaign. Also, residents should be encouraged to participate actively and meaningfully in environmental waste management issues in Enugu metropolis. The implication is that residents will be more conscious of managing their wastes effectively as a result of adequate information gathering from the media and participation in waste management activities.

Acknowledgment
In the course of this study, a few research assistants contributed immensely in gathering primary data from the districts where the study was conducted. They include Ayogu Victor, Ayogu Boniface, Okolo Valentine, and Agu O. Agu.

The study aims to empirically test the moderation effect of transformational leadership characteristic on the relationship between work-family conflict and professional commitment among school teachers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 752 teachers currently working in private schools from selected districts in Tamil Nadu, India. Purposive sampling technique is used, and data were collected using a questionnaire. The moderating effect of transformational leadership behavior is examined using hierarchical regression analysis. Grounded with the conservation of resource theory (COR) and transformational leadership theory, the results supported the negative impact of work-family conflict on the professional commitment of teachers. Further, the moderation effect of transformational leadership found to reverse the negative relationship between work-family conflict and professional commitment. Thus, the transformational leadership behavior of leaders (head/principal) was found to foster the professional commitment of teachers. This study is focused only on the dimensions of transformational characteristics on the relationship between work-family conflict and professional commitment of teachers. Also, it would be constructive to examine other mediating or moderating impacts of variables such as peer support, job satisfaction, which can also have a significant impact. Further, the outcome variable related to the perspective of students can also be researched.

Human resource management (HRM) is one of the elements enabling an organization to remain competitive in turbulence conditions. The effective practice of HRM makes competent and innovative employees contributing to the achievement of organizational objectives. This study aims to analyze HRM practices in creating innovation and organizational performance. The questionnaire was used to measure the respondents’ perceptions of variables used by a Likert scale. A survey of 126 manager samples and middle managers at export-oriented short and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bali, Indonesia, was conducted to test the model. The analysis has shown that the proposed model was proven to be compliant with the research hypotheses. HRM significantly affects organizational performance and innovation, and it was found out that innovation can improve organizational performance. However, in the process of simultaneous testing, it was found out that innovation cannot improve organizational performance. The lack of attention to investments in human resources became one of the barriers to SMEs in creating innovation.

This paper aims to explore the impact of gender diversity on firms’ sustainability responsiveness in ensuring collective drive toward achieving sustainable development goals (agenda) for Nigeria. This study explored female engagement from three major platforms, namely women as directors, management team leaders, and female workforce. The data used to conduct this study were derived from the annual reports of the sampled banks spanning through the period of 2013–2016. However, while data for this study were analyzed using EViews statistical tool, the sustainability reporting data were ascertained using the content analysis method. The outcome of this study depicts that female directors, female workforce, and women in the management team all had an adverse and positive association with sustainability reporting. However, this association was all insignificant. This further buttresses that gender diversity was not the major driving force behind the sustainability reporting of the sampled banks in Nigeria. This is because the sector is highly regulated. Hence, the study recommends that notwithstanding the outcome, in attaining the sustainable development goals (SDGs), there is a need to have more female representation on the strategic position of authority.

Given the organizational positive outcomes of human resource development (HRD) practices like organizational effectiveness, sustainable competitive advantage, and organizational commitment, the current study was designed to detect the impact of HRD practices (employee training, employee empowerment, employee promotion) as independent variables on employee engagement and employee performance as dependent variables and to notify those who are interested. A quantitative descriptive-analytical method was adopted for the current research paper. Data were collected conveniently via a questionnaire from employees of family restaurants. Usable responses were analyzed using IBM SPSS and AMOS on the strength of structural equation modeling (SEM).
The current data identified employee training, employee empowerment, and employee promotion as key predictors of both employee engagement and employee performance. Employee empowerment has the highest impact on employee engagement, followed by employee promotion, while employee training has the highest effect on employee performance. Furthermore, employee engagement is positively related to employee performance.

Management is the process of accomplishing the activities efficiently and effectively with the help of human capital. The manpower in any sector is made to sail through a saga of productivity and profitability under the efficient captainship of the managers. This research paper gives insight into the implications of transactional analysis and ego states of the managers rendering the services in the companies of the IT sector in the Coastal Karnataka. To accomplish the objectives of the study, Transactional Style Inventory-Manager (TSI-M) is administered to the respondents, and scoring is done considering the Operating Effectiveness Quotient (OEQ). The research paper highlights that the demographic variables have a major influence on the interpersonal skills of the managers. It is found out that various ego states are predominant among managers, and the lowest state is the creative child ego state. The research concludes that by conducting transactional analysis-based leadership training, the productivity of employees can be enhanced in the future.

Ukraine, as a young country, is creating the investment market, which is the most important component of the national economy under the challenges and threats of the XXI century, instability and hybrid war. The study aims to analyze the investment climate and investment attractiveness of Ukraine and to identify key indicators through the political, legal, economic, social, and other conditions under which its investment market will become attractive. The dynamics investigation of foreign direct investments (FDI) inflows into Ukraine during 2002–2018, their structural analysis enabled to identify the periods of the most significant fluctuations and to state the reasons for such changes, to differentiate priority sectors of the Ukrainian economy being of financial interest to foreign investors, which is as a whole the basis of the attractive investment climate formation and management in the country.
The methods of financial management system, including the method of SWOT analysis, were applied to determine investment weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities, considering the peculiarities of their management.
As a consequence of the analysis on the reasons for the reduction of foreign investments in the country economy, it is proved that the proposed mechanism for improving the investment climate in the country will allow increasing FDI inflows and financing the general capital investments.

The phenomenon of “raiding,” i.e., the unlawful establishment of control over the property or governing boards of an enterprise, as well as the seizure of its shares, has been reported in all countries of the world for many decades. This phenomenon has the most dangerous forms in the states with the underdeveloped economy and legal system, particularly in Ukraine. The paper aims to determine the areas for counteracting and overcoming corporate raiding in Ukraine and to provide proposals for improving the legislative framework for reliable protection against attacks on the enterprises’ property.
The information in the paper, including the geography of raider attacks, indicates a greater vulnerability of enterprises in the most economically developed regions, with extensive transport infrastructure and the prospects for various industries and sectors of the economy development. The state should take some steps to increase the level of enterprises protection against raider attacks. Thus, to improve the quality of preventing and combating corporate raiding, this paper argues the need to develop and adopt the Corporate Property Protection Code of Ukraine. The introduction of the raider attacks register will be an effective measure to warn potential investors and counterparties about the dangers of cooperation with certain companies. The state register should be bilingual (Ukrainian and English) and contain information on the attempts and cases of raider attacks on property and corporate business rights. Also for further innovations in starting a business, Ukraine must pay attention to New Zealand’s and Finland’s experience.

People’s perceptions of a fair tax administration system have garnered growing interest as a decisive ingredient that can install compliance behavior among taxpayers. The tax that taxpayers wish to evade is determined by their perceptions of the various robust dimensions of fairness (i.e., general fairness, preferred tax rate structure, exchange with the government, special provisions, and self-interest). Such an important matter, like tax fairness, has been overlooked in the extant literature, especially in the Middle East context, although tax administrations still suffer from low and unsatisfactory rates of compliance. This paper aims to empirically examine the influence of fairness perceptions of the income tax system on compliance behavior of taxpayers in Yemen. The study used a survey questionnaire administered to 400 individual taxpayers in Hadhramout, one of the most prosperous business regions in Yemen. Based on the PLS-SEM analysis tool, the study found that general system fairness, preferred tax rate, exchange with the government, and the extent of self-interest are significantly related to income tax compliance, while special provisions do not affect compliance decisions. The results of the study can alert the tax authority and policymakers to consider the non-pecuniary factors, other than the measures of the coercion. Establishing a fair tax system is probably one of the most successful approaches to boost compliance among taxpayers, thus yielding more tax revenue and diminishing the administrative cost for the tax authority.

In conditions of national economy’s unstable development, the primary task of the enterprise internal management is to timely assess and predict the effects of external fluctuations on the state of the enterprise and to develop effective management decisions. The article aims to develop the methodological approach, which, based on a set of models for recognizing an artificial crisis or localizing a natural crisis, allows the crisis management of an enterprise considering its resource capabilities and stage of the life cycle as the interaction of system-forming spheres of life, namely production, financial, and labor. The practical value of the approach consists in developing a system of econometric and cognitive modeling models that allows developing a set of managerial decisions that are adaptive to external and internal fluctuations for localizing a natural crisis or recognizing an artificial crisis. The methodological approach was implemented at Ukrainian industrial enterprises. As the results of the study, several different scenarios of solutions for crisis management of the enterprise were obtained.

This study aims to explore the determinant indicators for the labor market efficiency and the higher education and training factors that can help in increasing the productivity in labor market and the quality in higher education and training, as well as pays attention to important relative indicators to improve the relationship between them. To achieve these aims the canonical correlation analysis is used as a bidirectional technique that allows studying the mutual relationship between two factors by taking advantage of available reports from 2012 to 2018 published by World Economic Forum (WEF).
The results indicate that the extent of staff training, internet access, quality of education, and quality of management schools are the most important indicators in higher education and training and most correlated with labor market efficiency factor. The capacity to attract talent, pay and productivity, cooperation in labor-employer relations, and reliance on professional management are the most important indicators in labor market efficiency and the most correlated with higher education and training factor. The commonality analysis gives interesting results and shows that the explained variance in labor market efficiency and higher education and training depends on common indicators rather than a unique indicator.

Performance management (PM) is a common practice used by organizations to assess and manage employees’ work. Much of PM research is closely related to management practices. Corporations in the public and nonprofit sector continuously develop PM programs to ensure the sustainability of their organizations.
The study aims to analyze the impact of strategic human resources planning on the organizational performance of Jordanian public shareholding companies for senior management and functional unit managers (human resources, marketing, finance, and accounting). The researchers surveyed all the public shareholding companies registered with the Jordan Securities Commission (JSC) in 2019, wherein they found that only 60 companies applied strategic planning and human resources planning (HRP) together. Two hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed in 52 companies surveyed, and 203 were adopted for statistical analysis. Several statistical methods were used, most notably the multiple regression analysis. The researchers found out a statistically significant impact of the strategic human resources planning (integration of HRP and strategic planning; strategic participation) on organizational performance. The results showed that adopting the strategic HRP dimensions leads to an increase in an organization’s overall productivity, employee satisfaction and reputation, as well as reduced operating costs. HR managers must understand the effectiveness of strategically designed HR practices across functions.

The wellness and recreation situation in its complexity does not significantly differ from other socio-economic problems of urban agglomerations in Ukraine and needs to be addressed in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially in improving public well-being and health. The purpose of this article is to identify the relationship between health improvement, recreation and tourism, displayed in the management structure of the urban agglomeration, and the social, environmental and economic state of wellness and recreation. The relationship is determined by the index method/geometric mean of relevant relative indices (inclusion, experience economy, health improvement with rest, recovery function of leisure, wellness and recreation ecology) with the 2009–2018 dynamics by regions with the largest urban agglomerations of Ukraine. The analysis of management structures of the Dnipro, Kyiv, Odesa and Kharkiv executive bodies reveals special aspects in reflecting the wellness and recreation functions, including tourism and urban ecology. Based on the comparison of rating analyses, it is justified whether wellness and recreation reflected in the structure of urban agglomeration management meets its social, environmental and economic health. Comparison results for the relative indices of wellness and recreation in urban agglomerations and regions of Ukraine by economic (income level, directing additional funds for recreation), social (health, no impact of diseases on performance) or environmental (air pollution per person) factors, as well as altogether (comparison of integral indicators), are the basis for smoothing the situation with wellness and recreation in the country according to the inclusive sustainable development principle.

Acknowledgment
The article contains the results of research conducted under the President of Ukraine’s grant for competitive projects (0119U103141).

The role of teacher is critical in improving students’ academic performance. Teacher’s performance is affected by many factors. This study analyzes and examines the effect of organizational culture, leadership style, work ethic, and work commitment on teacher’s performance and students’ academic achievement. The study applies the analytical research involving private high school teachers in the district of Jember East Java Province of Indonesia. There are 313 private high schools in Jember with more than 5,000 teachers. The sample consists of 213 respondents. The main research data were obtained by distributing the questionnaires. It uses path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effect using the structural equation modeling. The results show that organizational culture, leadership style, work ethic, and work commitment have a significant positive effect both on teacher’s performance and students’ academic performance. Besides, teacher’s performance plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between the independent variables and students’ academic performance.

Employees tend to engage in certain behavior, either good or deviant. Drawing from control theory, the employees’ behavior will be controlled as the organization can fulfill their needs. The ultimate objective of the study is to examine how Salesperson-Organization Fit will affect job stress and, in turn, salesperson deviant behavior. Besides, this study also examined how employees’ work meaningfulness moderates the relationship between job stress and workplace deviant behavior. This study employed hierarchical regression analysis and moderated regression analysis to test the hypotheses. Using 182 salespeople for both manufacturing and services companies, the results showed that Salesperson-Organization Fit negatively affects three types of deviant behavior: organizational deviance, interpersonal deviance, and frontline deviance. The results of this study also found a mixed result for job stress on deviant behavior. Job stress has a positive effect on organizational (β = 0.092; p < 0.1) and frontline deviance (β = 0.092; p < 0.05), while it has an insignificant effect on interpersonal deviance. Work meaningfulness only moderates the relationship between job stress and organizational deviance.

Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga research grants.

There is a call from society to examine the integrity behavior challenges of local government (LG) enforcement officers who work directly with citizens due to the nature of this job. One of the job requirements of enforcement officers is to investigate law enforcement directly to their customers, such as petty traders, hawkers, business owners, developers and contractors, and others. In executing their duties, particularly on law enforcement, high integrity behavior and professionalism of enforcement officers in LG administrative areas of responsibility are necessary. Based on the framework, the study aims to examine the integrity behavior challenges of enforcement officers from the citizens’ and staff’ perspectives, in particular, on to what extent the officers face the difficulties and challenges in executing their enforcement tasks. Thus, during the study, 30 respondents, namely the citizens and LG staff in Kedah, were surveyed. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to gain specific dimensions related to integrity behavior. From the citizens’ perspective on LG enforcement teams’ integrity behavior, challenges were related to main aspects such as biasness, political intervention, and bureaucracy matters. Meanwhile, LG staff consider integrity behavior challenges to be affected by opportunistic attitudes among staff, workforce, and financial issues. The study suggests that enforcement officers should develop soft skills, employability skills, and upgrade academic levels to understand the current situation and develop negotiation skills to deal with grassroots society.

Tax non-compliance phenomenon has become a key issue for developing countries such as Libya because it hinders taxpayers from contributing effectively to the economy. Previous literature refers to diverse socio-psychological factors that influence tax non-compliance behavior. Nevertheless, there is a lack of study on the influence of religious factors on tax non-compliance. Therefore, the current study empirically examines the impact of Islamic perspective and Islamic religiosity on tax non-compliance behavior among self-employed taxpayers in Libya. A quantitative method using a questionnaire is utilized to collect the data. Structural equation modeling was employed using PLS. This study provides empirical evidence that Islamic perspective and Islamic religiosity have a significant positive relationship with tax non-compliance among Libyan self-employed. Theoretically, the findings have extended the body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the effect of religious factors on tax non-compliance. Practically, the study provides fruitful insights for policymakers and government officials to consider these factors as crucial while formulating taxation policies to minimize the phenomenon of tax non-compliance among Libyan individual taxpayers and, hence, increase government revenue.

This article aims at finding ways to improve the efficiency of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises’ valuation management based on a multidimensional actuarial model. The article confirmed the hypothesis of the relationship between accounting information, published in the financial statements of agricultural enterprises, compiled according to international financial reporting standards (IFRS), and actuarial management reporting. It is the latter, in the context of financial reporting conceptual basis, which promotes foreign investor’s managerial decisions on the expediency of investing temporarily free financial resources in the development of the agro-sector. The methodology of the research is based on optimization of the algorithm for estimating the agricultural enterprise market value within the framework of a cost-effective approach based on information filling of the actuarial management reporting using the method of adjusted net assets. The results of the study showed the dependence of investment attractiveness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises on qualitative content of the reporting information provided within the framework of international accounting. The practical value of the results confirmed the optimal algorithm for estimating the value of agribusiness based on the accounting and information of actuarial management reporting according to its spatial interpretation from 3D to 5D format. The proposed 5D model for managing the value of agribusiness will facilitate an objective assessment of the agricultural enterprise value in just one step.

Acknowledgment
The article has been prepared within the research project “Business Value Management” (state registration No. 0118U000131) implemented in the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics.

The article explores social capital and its impact on economic development. This paper aims to analyze the role of trust in the process of growth and economic development. The interdependence of GDP per capita and trust level as an element of social capital has been analyzed. The correlation between trust and GDP per capita in 43 countries has been reflected. World Values Survey (WVS) was used to obtain empirical trust data. To determine the relationship between confidence level and GDP per capita, the correlation model was built. The regression coefficient b = 0.834 shows the average change in the effective indicator. Thus, with an increase of 1 unit of trust, GDP per capita rises by an average of 0.834. The coefficient of determination indicates that 60.68% of cases of changes in trust lead to a change in GDP per capita. The result suggests that trust serves as a tool in assisting the economic growth and company’s value. The study examines the tools that help to build trust, as economic development as a whole depends on it.

In today’s increasingly competitive markets, it is essential to be able to determine the position of a company as opposed to its competitors. Today the traditional financial ratios are most widely used to measure corporate performance, but more and more authors begin to criticize their use. It is difficult to use financial ratios as a complex measurement tool. It is crucial to use an appropriate method or tool to measure corporate performance, which can measure the company’s performance in a complex way represented by one indicator. In this study, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used, which is one of the potential tools available. Several researchers have used the DEA method to measure corporate performance. Many authors consider DEA as a useful tool for measuring corporate performance, while others criticize it. The authors analyze the performance of retail food companies in Hungary’s Northern Great Plain region. The companies analyzed were chosen from the region investigated, and they have “food retail grocery store” as their main activity, and they had six cleared annual reports in the period 2012–2017. There was a total of 887 companies in the region examined, and 563 (63.5%) met the conditions. The analysis was made using the time-series data of companies for 2012–2017 based on their financial reports, and the authors dealt with various possibilities for extending DEA, which can support its more accurate use. Based on evaluating the retail food companies’ performance in the Northern Great Plain region, one can state that the efficiency of companies shows a very mixed picture over the years examined. The study suggests solutions to the indicated problem. The findings indicate that the application of extended DEA methods gives better results; that is, one can get better estimates of the efficiency of companies.

The present study investigates whether ethnic diversity among firms’ directors influences the decision to take goodwill write-offs, after considering the economic factors of impairment (measured in terms of the market capitalization indicator), reporting incentives, and firms’ internal governance. The analysis focuses on energy firms in Malaysia from 2006 to 2018. The regressions results based on binary logistics show that energy firms are less likely to take goodwill write-offs even when the market indicates the possibility for the write-offs. The results also show the absence of the direct relationship between goodwill impairment decisions and ethnic diversity of the board of directors. Nevertheless, the results reveal that board ethnicity moderates the relationship between firms’ goodwill impairment decisions and the market capitalization indicator, suggesting that as firms encounter increasing market indicator of impairment losses, the board with diverse ethnicity positively influences firms in taking goodwill write-offs. The results of the present study add to the literature on board diversity and firms’ decisions with regard to goodwill impairment by highlighting the beneficial roles of having ethnically diverse board of directors, in that they use the market indicator that goodwill may be impaired in their monitoring role on the goodwill impairment decisions. The results offer input to the policymakers by suggesting that to strengthen the monitoring roles of the board of directors, they need to be diverse and equipped with indicators that would assist them in their monitoring decisions.

Acknowledgement
The author acknowledges’ the research funding (i.e., FRGS grant 13591 provided via Universiti Utara Malaysia) from the Ministry of Higher Education in Malaysia.

This paper empirically studies the impact of female proportion and the background of the board on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of Taiwanese listed firms. The different groups of board size are detected by the structural break test, which is used as the threshold for dividing subsamples. The results show that the higher proportion of women and accounting background of board of directors, the more CSR disclosure for firms with more than 11 directors in the board, implying that women and accounting background directors can only promote their compassionate and reciprocal in CSR decision-making in large board firms. Overall, the empirical results poorly support the efficiency hypothesis suggesting that the board of directors is more powerful when it has high gender diversity. This study also confirms that the linear regression method may not be able to fully present the various possible relationships between the variables.

This study aims to analyze the business view concerning the using the accommodation capacities in some central European countries, i.e. Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the NUTS-2 regional scope. The special attention is paid to Spain. The research is based on annual post-global economic crisis data. The authors apply a specific partial least squares (PLS) variant of multivariate methods, which relates many fundamental and derived tourism variables due to particular attention to using a weighting procedure. The authors determined that in order to encompass the territory predetermination for the best fit the changed conditions, the majority of significant cities have very good dynamics in capacity parameters and overnights for increasing the offers being greatly supplied by the annual changing number of visitors. However, Spain is substantially different from the other regions analyzed, forming ultimate conditions for mutual comparison. Moreover, the tracks of turning visitors into capital or significant cities, especially associated with the close natural attractions, are substantiated. The tourist’s resource potential specific only to the target region as well as relevant additional potential origins are examined on the sample of countries. Covering tourism as the world’s leading industry directly connected to accommodation tasks and a unique period examined, the results of this study can be used to formulate policy guidelines as well as to solve the tasks of attracting tourism and promote supply.

Acknowledgment
This research was funded by the Grant Agency of Academic Alliance under Grant Agreement number GA/13/2018.

Land reform, which has been ongoing in Ukraine since 1990, now includes several strategic tasks, including the opening of the agricultural lands market. The article aims to identify the main risks of land reform implementation in Ukraine and outline the prospects for its development and impact on the country’s economy. The current state of the problem is analyzed based on the study of literary sources, regulatory and legal base, legislative initiatives, and their discussion in Ukrainian society. An attempt to systematically outline the possible positive consequences and risks of land reform in Ukraine in its various variants was made. Key initiatives for change, their impact on the economy of the state, and the benefits of major stakeholder groups are summarized. The necessity of ensuring based on the reform of the rational land use, forming a class of efficient land users in the society, stimulating the farming development and organic production development, was emphasized.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the application of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Vietnam through the perceptions of business managers and auditors. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods based on a comprehensive analysis and aggregation of information available from various sources, the results of the questionnaire interviews of 500 managers and auditors currently working in Vietnam are offered. The results of the study show that factors affecting the applicability of IFRS in Vietnam are: legal basis for accounting activities; characteristics of enterprises; qualification and competency of the accounting teams; and corporate governance. The study also finds that governance factors and socio-economic and cultural conditions have an uncertain influence on the IFRS applicability. At the same time, there is no significant difference in awareness of the ability to apply IFRS between the group of enterprise managers and auditors and groups of people with different work experience. Among them, the qualifications and competencies of the accountant teams and the characteristics of enterprises are the two factors that have the strongest impact on the applicability of IFRS in Vietnam.

In today’s organizational environment, human resources are seen to be one of the most crucial assets that must be maintained, particularly the existence of employees’ proactive behavior, which is needed for the sustainability of organizational performance. One factor, which may affect the employees’ proactive behavior, is organizational politics. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational politics on proactive behavior of government employees and to test further whether this effect was moderated by self-efficacy. This study used a quantitative approach with an exploratory method to answer the proposed hypothesis. The samples were 310 local government employees in Bandung district, Cimahi City, Bandung City, and West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. For processing the data and testing the hypotheses, this research employed Moderated Regression Analysis by using STATA 13. The results showed that organizational politics has a negative effect on the proactive behavior of government employees, and the moderation effect of self-efficacy can weaken the negative relationship between organizational politics and proactive behavior. The study, therefore, makes a valuable contribution regarding the additional evidence to the organization within this field.

The aim of the article is to study the impact of gender on the professional development of university teachers and their motivation for professional advancement. The article analyzes gendered perceptions of the professional development in the Ukrainian academic sector based on the survey of teachers from Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (KNEU) (Ukraine). The respondents provided their assessment of conditions that support or destroy their academic careers. The findings showed significant divergence in gendered perceptions and attitudes toward motives, conditions and results of professional development at the university. Although all staff members were unanimously confident in their professionalism, the degree of satisfaction, perception of fairness and willingness to engage in management through initiatives was significantly lower among women. Female academics expressed a greater need for mentoring, while men showed greater interest in material incentives. Impressively, 11% of women versus 0% of men believe that their gender is an obstacle to their career. The study findings require the inclusion of gender aspects in the university’s development strategy and ensuring equal opportunities at all stages of HR management in academia.

The research has shown that many leaders lack ethical practice, but training and development geared towards ethical leadership can serve to bridge this gap in theory and practice. This paper focuses primarily on the key aspect of training and development to promote more ethical leadership within a higher education institution setting. The data were drawn from a mixed-method study adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Simple random sampling constituted a sample of 312 academic and administrative staff members at the institution. The purposeful sampling for the qualitative component was a realized sample of 3 executive management leadership and 9 line management leadership participants, indicating a total response rate of 67%. The results for executive management leadership reflect poor leadership style from the employees’ perspective in relation to respect and fairness, transparency, behavior, and other ethical leadership-related items (of M = 2.74, SD = 0.033). In addition, there was a clear need for leadership to attend ongoing training courses (M = 4.20, SD = 0.904). From the qualitative perspective, more than 50% of the leadership respondents indicated no appropriate university leadership programmes or ethical leadership programs. Therefore, the investment in training and development can promote more ethical leadership style, which in turn can have a positive impact on employees (M = 4.43, SD = 0.740). In light of this, the results provide a strong inclination towards more training and development programs to ensure that leaders develop ethical considerations in their role as leaders.

For many organizations, knowledge sharing is essential to keep their competitive ability. As characteristics of available communication media might influence knowledge flows in the organization, this study examines if the frequency of some communication media usage and their perceived usefulness relate to the extent of knowledge sharing. The study applied a quantitative research design and used opinion-based questionnaires. In total, 178 participants from the Czech Republic were involved, mainly from manufacturing industry. Significant positive correlations between “how often employees use the defined instruments for gathering and communicating information in work” and “how useful employees find the defined instruments for gathering and communicating information in work” to “the extent of knowledge sharing in the organization” were identified. Additionally, the frequency of the use of communication media predicted the extent of knowledge sharing in the organization. Specifically, the frequency of the use of meetings significantly predicted the extent of knowledge sharing (β = .54, p < .001). Moreover, perceived usefulness of communication media projected the frequency of the use of communication media. The findings confirm that if employees see the offered communication tools as being useful, they are willing to use them more often, and it has a positive effect on the extent of knowledge sharing. Therefore, the design of communication tools should take into account the needs and requirements of the workforce who will use it. Additionally, organizations should organize effective meetings if they want to enhance knowledge sharing in the organization.

Acknowledgment
This work was supported by Tomas Bata University in Zlín [grant numbers RO/2016/07, RO/2018/04].

Job satisfaction is an important attitude of employees toward work contexts, which measures the effectiveness of various individuals in the workplace. Not surprisingly, studies on this topic were obtained by researchers on organizational behavior. This study deals with the association between collaborative school culture (CSC) and job satisfaction. In addition, gender is considered as a moderator. In total, 221 educators from high schools and universities took part in this study. It was revealed that CSC and its dimensions were positively associated with the educators’ job satisfaction. The moderating effect of gender on CSC and job satisfaction was partial. Gender was found to moderate the effects of teachers’ collaboration and unity of purpose learning on job satisfaction, namely, the impact of the variables on job satisfaction were lower for women respondents than for men respondents. This study contributes to theory by giving evidence on the importance of each specific cultural dimension for job satisfaction and the possible impact of gender on the relationships. Education practitioners should consider introducing such a culture into their institutions to increase educators’ job satisfaction.

Civil participation is the main component of effective governance. The topicality of this paper lies in civil participation in decision-making defined by the principles of “new public governance” of the 21st century. This study aims to analyze the impact of civil participation in decision-making on waste management at the municipal level. In this work, the following aspects were considered: theoretical assumptions of civil participation; civil participation in the activities of institutions responsible for environmental protection; issues regarding the development of opportunities of citizens’ involvement in municipal waste management. The article is devoted to the theoretical assumptions about civil participation, theoretical model of analysis, and activity of institutions. To develop a theoretical model of analysis, a classification of civil participation was carried out. Among the methods used, one can mention the questionnaire. The analysis was focused on a legal basis for the activity of institutions; the actual activity of institutions and survey of representatives of the national environmental authorities in Lithuania. The results showed that currently there is no mechanism in Lithuania to ensure civil participation in municipal waste management. Civil participation is still formal and limited. Overall, citizens are informed about the decisions made, but they do not participate actively in decision-making. The analysis of civil participation capacity in waste management leads to the conclusion that Lithuania has no single mechanism to ensure civil participation in waste management. To enhance civil participation in decision-making on waste management, it is suggested to set up a council where the representatives of civil population are delegated.

Adopting the technologies among organizations comes with the continuous worries of protection and hacking. The idea of cyber-security has become over the years the main interest of many organizations, which depend on technologies in its operations, which requires them to pay extra attention to their technological infrastructure. The current study aims at examining the influence of cyber-security forces on organizational internal operations and the role of technological infrastructure in defining and controlling the level of protection that cyber-security has on organizational internal processes. Quantitative approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was utilized to collect the data from a convenient sample of 360 software engineers, network engineers, software testers, web developers, and technical support using a structured survey questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS version 21. The results confirmed that cyber-security motivators (data growth, technology expansion, access to required resources, operational control, and technical control) indirectly affect solid internal processes that are attributed to the consistency of technological infrastructure in an organization. The variable of ‘data growth’ appeared to be the most influential motivator on cyber-security strategies, as it scored a mean of 4.2661, which is the highest among all adopted variables and followed by the variable of ‘technical control’, which scored a mean of 4.1296. Accordingly, the study recommends that organizations should consider IT infrastructure as a main item within their risk management strategies to avoid unpredicted risks and attacks.