Arvinder Singh Chawla

The study investigates the impacts of firms-, industry-, and country-level covariates on the financing structure amongst the Indonesian listed companies. Using artificial nested testing procedure, the preferred models were selected that could illustrate the association between debt ratio and its determinants. By making use of the full sample, it was found that these three levels of determinants explain approximately 73% of leverage variations.
Further, the importance of these determinants on leverages across sectors is also investigated in this study. The sectoral behavior plays a crucial role as the firm- and sector-level covariates indicate more important variables than country-level covariates, which implies that the firm-level covariates become the main factors in firm financing structure determination.
The artificial nested testing procedure (F-test) was used choose the preferred models, which is suitable for each sector. The selection of models depends on the sectoral characteristics, which indirectly control the orientation and magnitude of relationships. Those three levels of determinants have different impacts on capital structure across sectors, which provides evidence that the sectoral behaviors indirectly tend to influence the association between determinants and firm financing pattern in the Indonesian context.

The authors investigate the firm’s capital structure in the dynamic framework and adjustment speeds toward target leverage among Indonesian firms from 2005 to 2016. The sample firms are 407 non-financial listed companies and classified into 8 sectors based on Jakarta Industrial Sector Classification (JASICA).
The explanatory variables consist of firm-level variables viz. size, growth opportunity, profitability, asset structure, liquidity, and firm risk; as well as industry-specific variables viz. industry concentration, munificence, and dynamism. By using dynamic adjustment model, it was found Indonesian firms have target leverages, and they tend to adjust toward their desired debt ratio. Based on country-level analysis, adjustment speeds toward target leverage are from around 30.20% to 36.97% per year. Meanwhile, on sector-level analysis, paces of adjustment indicate variety of adjustment speeds across sectors ranged from 26.00% to 48.32% per year.
The authors also demonstrate that industry-specific variables have substantial influences on adjustment speeds toward target leverage. Industry concentration and industry munificence positively affect adjustment speeds, whereas however industry dynamism fails to show significant effect.