Fulfilling international obligations of the Republic of Kazakhstan toward achieving carbon neutrality: Legal challenges and prospects

Economy for green is currently becoming a “buzz word” among producers, suppliers and consumers, which is also receiving impetus in Bangladesh. Based on the literature review, a number of theoretical relationships were empirically tested. An investigative query is: to what extent the green economy is flourishing with a via to extend sustainability of the state with competitive advantage? Structured questionnaire was deliberated in order to find the relationships between the demographic variables and the green ecosystem. Time period of the research was October 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. It was empirically observed that the relationship between the respondents of both genders and usability of green production in the country exists; the connection between business type and sensitivity of any green product is easily obtainable; the linkage between business type and awareness of any green product is accessible in the market; the linkage between type of institution and encouraging goods and services of any “Green Product” in Bangladesh occurs; the relationship between different types of institutes and use of Green Product consumption is applicable in the country. Economy for Green can possibly reduce the magnitude of the worst shock of natural disasters which increasingly occur as regular variation in addition to severe problems on human being and non-human assets. Consumers and producers are essential by conscious of green concept. Green Investment Bank in Bangladesh may be established to accomplish a broad range of economic support for innovative green projects and technologies leading to increasing capacity and sustainable connections.

This paper explores the influence of the ESG disclosure regulation (government corporate ESG disclosure and non-government corporate ESG disclosure) on the ranking in 50 largest economies. Applying various statistical methods and techniques, including both parametrical (Student’s t-test, ANOVA analysis) and non-parametrical (Mann-Whitney U test) tests, simple average analysis, OLS with dummy variables method and multiple linear regression analysis, as well as correlation analysis and Granger causality test, several hypotheses are tested. The hypotheses stipulate whether or not ESG disclosure regulation differs in developed and emerging countries and whether or not ESG disclosure regulation influences the country’s SDGI ranking, as well as the ranking of the country among 50 largest economies. According to the results, the differences in ESG disclosure regulation are statistically significant in developed and emerging countries. The level of ESG disclosure compliance is higher in developed countries. ESG disclosure regulation influences the position of the country in SDGI and 50 largest economies rankings. The more country complies with ESG disclosure criteria, the better position in rankings is. Incorporation of ESG criteria is an important evolutionary step in economic development of the country. It allows increasing position of the country in 50 largest economies and SDGI ranking. Thus, ESG disclosure regulation is vital for the development of the country in the modern world.

Acknowledgment
Comments from the Editor and anonymous referees have been gratefully acknowledged. Alex Plastun gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0117U003936). Inna Makarenko gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0117U003933).

The article analyzes the regulatory framework in the insurance market in connection with the advent of Big Data, such as information collected from different sources that can be manipulated by new technologies. The use of Big Data offers significant opportunities to the insurance companies in terms of digitization of the distribution channels and greater knowledge of the customers, which is instrumental to a more effective identification of the individual’s risk profile, as well as improvement of the competitiveness. However, regulatory measures are needed for a proper use of Big Data in terms of respect of the individual privacy, potential discrimination and constraint on competition.