The impact of the China-US tariff war on China and China’s countermeasures
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Author(s)Yun LouLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8382-5607
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.21511/gg.06(1).2025.02
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Article InfoVolume 6 2025, Issue #1, pp. 4-16
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Since the start of the China-US trade dispute in 2018, the United States has imposed numerous sanctions against China, citing national security concerns and unfair trade practices, including the imposition of tariffs. In April 2025, the US escalated tariffs on Chinese imports to 34% and threatened to raise rates to 245%. These actions came amid increased reciprocal trade measures between the countries. This paper examines the historical origins and evolutionary trajectory of the tariff dispute. Employing literature analysis, data comparison, and qualitative analysis, it evaluates the negative impacts and adaptive changes on China’s economic trade, technology manufacturing, and social welfare. The study found that while China’s total trade value initially declined by 0.96% year-on-year in 2019, it achieved a V-shaped rebound, reaching a historical record of USD 6.25 trillion in 2022. The trade surplus with the US decreased by 28.6% by 2024, yet China’s overall trade surplus grew to a peak of USD 992.2 billion in 2024, driven by significant expansions with the EU, ASEAN, and Mexico. Furthermore, China’s semiconductor self-sufficiency rate increased from 5% in 2018 to nearly 30% by 2024. These shifts underscore China’s accelerated economic transformation toward domestic demand and innovation, exemplified by total retail sales exceeding 48 trillion yuan in 2024. The paper also discusses new trends in global order restructuring and analyzes China’s strategic responses. By adopting a tripartite model of “precision countermeasures, strategic resilience, and multilateralism”, the paper advocates safeguarding China’s national interests while maintaining stable development.
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JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)F13, F40, F50
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References30
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Tables4
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Figures3
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- Figure 1. China’s total trade value from 2015 to 2024 (Unit: USD 100 million)
- Figure 2. China’s trade surplus from 2015 to 2024 (Unit: USD 100 million)
- Figure 3. Goods trade between China and the countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative from 2014 to 2024
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- Table 1. Defensive trade policies
- Table 2. Offensive trade policies
- Table 3. Trade index between China and countries joining the Belt and Road Initiative from 2013 to 2023
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Retraction: Exchange rate intervention and trade openness on the global economy with reference to Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) countries
Investment Management and Financial Innovations Volume 14, 2017 Issue #3 pp. 339-352 Views: 1061 Downloads: 230 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯRetracted on the 17th of April, 2020 by the Journal’s owner request dated April 12th 2020. The type of retraction – plagiarism.
The owner of the journal was asked to retract this article because of plagiarism. The request came from the author of the dissertation, which was published a year before the publication of the article. The author insisted that there was significant plagiarism in the article that could not be adjusted.
Editorial staff carried out an investigation into plagiarism in the article published. When the manuscript was submitted to the Journals for consideration, the authors signed the Cover letter and attested to the fact that their manuscript is an original research and has not been published before. After that, the manuscript was accepted for consideration by the Managing Editor and was tested for plagiarism using the iThenticate program. Plagiarism was not detected. Later, after the article complaint and the statement of plagiarism, we used all the sources and resources provided by the complainant, the article was re-tested for plagiarism, and plagiarism was established with a similarity index of 69%.
According to the results of the investigation, the editorial board decided to retract the article on April 17, 2020.
The authors were notified of such a decision and reported that they accept and do not dispute the retraction decision.
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Competitive features of country associations based on the Global Competitiveness Index: the case of the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement
Volodymyr Verhun ,
Olena Pryiatelchuk 
,
Olena Zayats
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.16
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 18, 2020 Issue #4 pp. 181-190 Views: 1023 Downloads: 586 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯModern architecture of the world economy is determined not only by the indicators of development of individual national economies and not only by their individual efforts, but also by coordinated efforts of several countries, such as trade agreements. One of such agreements that should lead to freer market relations, fairer trade and sustainable economic growth in the region, better resolution of international disputes, environmental protection, intellectual property protection, etc., is the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement (USMCA). The aim of this paper is an attempt to analyze the level of global competitiveness of intergovernmental associations (agreements) as influential participants in the international market. To do this, the concepts of “competitive power of the country” and “competitive power of international integration groups” are compared with the concept of firm competitiveness. The competitiveness of the country association was analyzed through the example of the USMCA based on The Global Competitiveness Report 2019 and The Global Competitiveness Index 4.0. used in it. The paper also examines the global challenges and obstacles affecting the level of competitiveness and competitive advantage that each country receives when participating in an international integration agreement. This analysis helps explain real competitive processes in the global economy.
