Ghazali Syamni

The capital market has increasingly become a pivotal avenue for enterprises seeking additional capital for expansion or operational enhancements. In raising funds through an Initial Public Offering (IPO), the company must publish its risk disclosure in the prospectus. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of risk disclosure on the initial return of Indonesian companies undergoing IPOs during the pandemic. Using data from 136 out of 164 companies that went public between 2020 and 2022, sourced from the Indonesian Stock Exchange and company websites, the study employs the ordinary least squares method to estimate the impact of risk disclosures on initial returns during the pandemic. The findings reveal that external and overall risk disclosures significantly influence IPO initial returns. Specifically, Indonesian investors were particularly attentive to external and overall risks when evaluating IPOs during the pandemic. This heightened concern suggests that comprehensive risk disclosure can affect investor behavior and financial outcomes for companies going public in uncertain times, highlighting the importance of transparency in risk communication to support investor decision-making and market stability.

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
The capital market is one of the investment venues that supports economic growth. Investors entering the capital market must take advantage of all issues to obtain returns on their investments. The January effect is a phenomenon related to the documentation of irrational behavior in global capital markets, but its exact nature remains uncertain. This study aims to test the existence of the January effect in the IDX by analyzing data on companies with small, medium, and large market capitalizations. The January effect was tested using the Mann-Whitney test on daily data, with a total of 17,760 observations during the 2023–2024 period, comprising 8,400 Small Market Capitalization (SMC), 7,920 Medium Market Capitalization (MMC), and 1,440 Large Market Capitalization (LMC) stocks, accessed via www.idx.co.id or www.yahoofinance.com. Findings reveal significant evidence of the January effect among small-cap firms, with returns showing positive anomalies in January. Conversely, no such evidence is found in medium or large-cap firms, suggesting that the anomaly is not universal. This study concludes that market anomalies may persist within certain segments, and, in practical terms, underscores the importance of investor caution when relying on seasonal anomalies in decision-making.

Acknowledgment
The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to Muhammad Dava Rizki for his assistance in data tabulation, to Dr. Didi Pianda for his valuable preliminary review, and to Dr. A.Y.M. Atiqul Islam for his insightful suggestions.