Mohammad Altawalbeh

Recently, corruption has become widespread, and firms' responses to corruption carry significant implications. The aim of this study is to check how corruption levels in Jordan influence the capital structure of 80 non-financial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) from 2013 to 2022. Capital structure is the main dependent variable, and corruption is the crucial variable analyzed as the independent factor. Control variables include company age, profitability, asset tangibility, company size, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in addition to the inflation rate, to create a solid framework for analyzing this nexus. This quantitative research paper applies the fixed-effect (FE) estimation to examine the static model of the study and the generalized method of moment (GMM) for the dynamic model via panel data investigation encompassing 800 company-year observations. The R2 results explain 42.1% of the variations in capital structure level. Accordingly, a 1% upsurge in corruption is accompanied by a 0.0367-unit upsurge in the capital structure ratio. This response is interpreted through the lens of the shielding theory, suggesting that firms raise debt to protect themselves against the predations of corrupt officials. The analysis reveals meaningful connections between the control variables and the capital structure. Specifically, increases in tangibility, firm size, inflation, and GDP correspond to a 3.56%, 1.07%, 6.06%, and 2.143% increase in capital structure, respectively, indicating a positive influence. Conversely, the firm age and profitability variables show adverse effects on capital structure, with coefficients of –1.46% and –7.3%, respectively.

Green accounting is becoming a top issue in global opinion, especially given the environmental and climatic conditions that have become a concern for all countries. The study aims to explore the role of environmental sustainability as a mediator in the relationship between green accounting and corporate performance in Jordan. In the sample of industrial company managers, 259 responses were deemed suitable for in-depth statistical analysis. Smart PLS 4 was employed to analyze sample responses. The structural modeling findings demonstrate a positive association between green accounting and environmental sustainability with a p-value of 0.000, which is significant at the 0.05 level. Path coefficients corroborated the statistically significant positive association between green accounting and company performance, which was significant at the 0.05 level with a p-value of 0.029. The findings also demonstrate an influential correlation between environmental sustainability and company performance with a p-value of 0.000, which is significant at the 0.05 level. The results confirmed that environmental sustainability had an influential mediating influence on the relationship between green accounting and corporate performance with a p-value of 0.000.