Risky Aswi Ramadhani

The study aims to analyze the moderating role of eco-digital learning for the impact of the Internet of Things, blockchain, and artificial intelligence on the green supply chain to support SME internationalization. Questionnaires were distributed among 159 SME owners in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Hypotheses were tested using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that the adoption of the Internet of Things demonstrates a significant positive effect (p = 0.0000, T-statistic = 4.6695), improving real-time monitoring and operational efficiency. Blockchain also positively affects SME internationalization (p-value = 0.0085, T-statistic = 2.6427), enhancing supply chain transparency and ensuring compliance with international standards. In contrast, the influence of artificial intelligence is marginally significant (p = 0.0799, T-statistic = 1.7548), constrained by financial limitations and lack of expertise. The moderating effects of eco-digital learning show mixed results. It significantly moderates the relationship between the Internet of Things and internationalization in a negative direction (coefficient = –0.0651, p = 0.0475), suggesting that increased eco-digital learning may add complexity, potentially delaying the benefits of the Internet of Things. For blockchain, eco-digital learning enhances its positive impact (p = 0.0277, T-statistic = 2.2085) by strengthening the organization’s ability to leverage transparency and sustainability. However, no significant moderating effect is observed for artificial intelligence (p = 0.2066, T-statistic = 1.2646), indicating limited integration due to resource constraints. These findings highlight the importance of technological readiness, resource allocation, and alignment of digital learning to fully capitalize on the benefits of these technologies in the global market expansion of SMEs.

Acknowledgments
Deepest gratitude is extended to the Ministry of Education and Culture, Directorate of Research, Technology, and Community Service (DRTPM), for the financial support provided through the National Competitive Research Program under the “Regular Fundamental Research” scheme for the 2024 fiscal year. This support was instrumental in enabling the successful completion of this research.

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
Competitive advantage is crucial for the global market as the integration of enterprise resource planning (ERP) and radio frequency identification (RFID) enhances MSMEs’ efficiency, flexibility, and responsiveness, strengthening competitiveness and global expansion. We aim to test the effects of ERP and RFID on competitive advantage and how competitive advantage influences global market success, both directly and through the mediating role. The survey was conducted in June 2025 in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. It involved 225 SME actors from 75 clusters, selected randomly to reduce bias. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).
The analysis results demonstrate that ERP and RFID significantly enhance a company’s competitive advantage, with path coefficients of 0.2708 for ERP and 0.5434 for RFID, both highly significant at p = 0.0000. This competitive advantage positively influences global market expansion, with a coefficient of 0.4687 (p = 0.0000), highlighting its crucial role in international growth. Furthermore, both ERP and RFID contribute directly to global market expansion, where RFID exhibits a stronger effect with coefficients of 0.1593 for ERP and 0.2500 for RFID (p = 0.0000). Mediation analysis confirms that competitive advantage significantly mediates the relationship between technology implementations and global market expansion, with RFID’s mediating effect (0.2547) exceeding that of ERP (0.1269). This evidence confirms that implementing ERP and RFID significantly enhances a company’s competitive advantage and contributes to global market expansion, with RFID demonstrating a stronger impact and serving as a crucial mediating factor in this relationship.

Acknowledgments
We sincerely thank the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of Indonesia, Directorate General of Research and Development, for their financial support, which made the successful completion of this research possible. The funding, granted through the Research and Community Service Program (DPPM) for the 2025 fiscal year under the “Regular Fundamental Research” scheme, was instrumental in facilitating the research activities and contributing to the overall success of this endeavor.