Financial slack, CSR disclosure, and carbon emission disclosure: The moderating role of independent commissioners in Indonesian energy firms
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Author(s)Djenni SasmitaLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8673-2919
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Agus Ismaya HasanudinLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-6330
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Imam Abu HanifahLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-7984
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Yeni JanuarsiLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-486X
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DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.16(3).2025.07
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Article InfoVolume 16 2025, Issue #3, pp. 100-111
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Type of the article: Research Article
Abstract
Climate change has increasingly pressured companies to enhance their environmental accountability through carbon emission disclosure. The energy sector, as one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, plays a critical role in addressing this issue. This study investigates the influence of financial slack and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on carbon emission disclosure, while also examining the moderating role of independent commissioners. The sample consists of 23 energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023, selected through purposive sampling. Using multiple regression analysis with STATA 17, the findings reveal that financial slack has no significant effect on carbon emission disclosure, indicating that the availability of financial resources alone does not drive firms to disclose environmental information. In contrast, CSR disclosure positively and significantly affects carbon emission disclosure, showing that broader CSR practices encourage higher transparency in carbon-related reporting. Furthermore, the moderating role of independent commissioners presents mixed results: they strengthen the relationship between financial slack and carbon emission disclosure, but do not significantly moderate the link between CSR disclosure and carbon emission disclosure. The novelty of this study lies in integrating financial slack, CSR disclosure, and corporate governance mechanisms within the context of carbon disclosure in Indonesia’s energy sector. The results highlight the importance of CSR as a strategic driver of environmental transparency, while demonstrating that governance oversight is crucial in channeling financial flexibility toward sustainable reporting.
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JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)G32, O16
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References45
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Tables3
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Figures0
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- Table 1. Sampled companies in the energy sector
- Table 2. Descriptive statistical analysis
- Table 3. Regression results
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The effect of Lerner Index and income diversification on the general bank stability in Indonesia
Syahyunan ,
Iskandar Muda ,
Hasan Sakti Siregar ,
Isfenti Sadalia ,
Gerry Chandra
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(4).2017.05
Banks and Bank Systems Volume 12, 2017 Issue #4 pp. 56-64 Views: 2145 Downloads: 569 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of market power and income diversification on the General Bank stability in Indonesia. This research uses a data sample of 20 general banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2011–2014. Data analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression. It can be concluded simultaneously that market power and revenue diversification have significant effect on bank stability and, partially, market power has a positive and significant effect on a bank stability. Income diversification has a positive non-significant effect on bank stability.
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The determinants of Islamic governance disclosure: the case of Indonesian Islamic banks
Ahmad Nurkhin 
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Agus Wahyudin ,
Hasan Mukhibad ,
Fachrurrozie ,
Satsya Yoga Baswara
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(4).2019.14
Banks and Bank Systems Volume 14, 2019 Issue #4 pp. 143-152 Views: 1428 Downloads: 478 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThis paper aims to examine the determinants of Islamic Governance Disclosure (IGD) in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The research method used is a quantitative approach involving Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, where their annual reports can be accessed during the 2011–2018 observation period. The data collection methods used are analysis of documentation and content analysis. Content analysis was used to calculate the IGD index. Path analysis with WarpPLS software was used to analyze data. The results show that the number of members of the Sharia supervisory board had a negative and significant effect on IGD, while leverage, size, and age can influence the IGD positively and significantly. In addition, institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on IGD. Profitability and composition of the independent board of commissioners do not significantly affect the IGD.
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The mediating role of financial reporting aggressiveness in corporate tax avoidance strategies
Andi Kusumawati ,
Chamdun Mahmudi ,
Suhanda Suhanda ,
Andi Iqra Pradipta Natsir ,
Fakhrul Indra Hermansyah ,
Muhammad Try Dharsana ,
Rianda Ridho Hafizh Thaha
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(4).2024.18
Investment Management and Financial Innovations Volume 21, 2024 Issue #4 pp. 226-238 Views: 1369 Downloads: 569 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯTax avoidance, often driven by managerial discretion, remains a critical issue in corporate governance due to its implications for financial transparency and regulatory compliance. This study investigates how Transfer Pricing, Thin Capitalization, Leverage, and CSR Disclosure – strategies employed by managers – affect Tax Avoidance and examines the mediating role of Financial Reporting Aggressiveness. Grounded in agency theory, the study analyzes data from 20 firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023 using PLS-SEM. The findings reveal that Transfer Pricing (β = 0.062, p = 0.002), Leverage (β = 0.046, p < 0.001), and CSR Disclosure (β = 0.061, p < 0.001) significantly increase Tax Avoidance, with Financial Reporting Aggressiveness acting as a mediator. However, Thin Capitalization does not significantly influence Tax Avoidance (β = 0.028, p = 0.422). These results suggest that managers exploit these mechanisms to minimize tax burdens, often at the cost of long-term shareholder interests. The study calls for stronger corporate governance and stricter oversight of CSR reporting and financial transparency to mitigate such practices.
