Weaponization of energy: A geopolitical analysis of the 2022 energy crisis and the redesign of the European order

Households are responsible for more than one-third of global energy consumption and exert a significant environmental impact. Therefore, energy efficiency and renewable energy issues have been a top theme in the literature, with numerous studies examining different facets of residential power consumption, green energy transition, decarbonization, and energy conservation. Despite extensive attention, these research trends and frontiers remain largely uncharacterized and poorly understood. This study aims to provide clear insights into the evolution and latest trends of household energy efficiency and renewable energy studies, reveal significant contributing countries, institutions, and authors of published papers, as well as directions of international collaboration. The method of bibliometric analysis with two supporting instruments (the SciVal platform and Scopus “Analyze search results” tool) was used to investigate an array of 3,761 research items on renewable energy and 4,474 items on energy efficiency in homes formed from the Scopus database. The studied period includes papers published during 1978–2023. The systematic review indicated that the United States, the United Kingdom, and China are primarily contributing countries with strong international collaboration in this field. The top journals include Energy Policy, Energy Efficiency, Energies, and Sustainability, while highly cited researchers investigate environmental, economic, and social effects and management mechanisms for introducing innovative energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies in households like smart meters and grids or the Internet of Things. The research frontier might encompass emerging and pioneering studies on home decarbonization strategies, behavioral interventions, energy saving, prosumerism, and optimization of energy consumption.

Acknowledgment
The paper is prepared within the framework of the research project “Formation of economic mechanisms to increase energy efficiency and provide sustainable development of renewable energy in Ukraine’s households” (No. 0122U001233), funded by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine.

A transition toward sustainable logistics is crucial for Hungary’s automotive industry, which remains a main contributor to environmental degradation through its reliance on carbon-based supply chains. This study aims to examine how green technology, policy regulation, and infrastructure availability influence sustainability outcomes for the industry, with a focus on reducing carbon emissions and improving operational efficiency. Partial least squares structural equation modeling with 2015–2023 empirical data was employed. The model examined direct and moderate effects of such factors on lowering carbon footprint and sustainability performance, as well as on implementation cost, firm size, and demand.
The results suggest a significant impact on carbon footprint reduction (path coefficient = 0.32) and sustainability performance (0.38) through the adoption of green technology. Availability of regulatory frameworks (0.29 for reduction of carbon footprint; 0.25 for sustainability performance) and infrastructure (0.35 and 0.40, respectively) also have a significant impact. High implementation costs (–0.22 and –0.18) and the complexity of the supply chain (–0.15 and –0.17) have a negative impact, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises. Moderation analysis shows that firm size (0.22) and strong demand (0.26) enhance the benefits of adopting green technology.
The indications are toward enhancing regulatory enforcement, raising financial aid schemes, and upgrading logistics infrastructure as a solution for Hungary’s accelerating adoption of sustainable logistics practices. Public-private partnerships are put forward as a strategic solution for bridging infrastructure and investment gaps and enabling long-term economic and environmental advantages for the automotive logistics industry.

Today Ukrainian business entities operate in conditions of macroeconomic instability, environmental disturbance, energy dependence on risk of instable and interrupted supply and high cost of energy resources, excessive energy consumption and inefficient use of fuel and energy resources, which requires immediate actions as for finding solutions to ensure energy security. The goal of the article is to solve multi-criteria tasks focused on making managerial decisions regarding the development of enterprise energy security system based on evaluation of influence of numerous factors. As a result of this study, main components of energy security of the enterprise and most important influence factors are determined. The mathematical model of the hierarchy of factors in terms of their influence on the energy security of the enterprise with the use of graph theory is developed. Use of iterative procedure to determine the levels of hierarchy of factors allowed to assess the importance/priority of their influence on energy security of the enterprise. Thus, the developed model of hierarchy of factors based on the applied scientific and methodical approach to determine their influence on energy security of the enterprise provides the opportunity to get a detailed idea of factors interaction, interconnections and influence on energy security of the enterprise, which ultimately leads to elaboration of complex optimal/agreed managerial decisions in context of development and implementation of energy security system of the enterprise.