Thanh Thuy Cu

This study aimed to analyze the impact of urbanization on the income and employment of people in Vietnam. To collect data for the study, 515 people participated in the survey, representing 515 households living in major cities in Vietnam. The OLS regression method and the T-test are applied to analyze the research objectives and examine the differences in the income and employment of people before and after urbanization. Research findings show that urbanization has both positive and negative effects on people’s income and employment in Vietnam. The income of people increased by about 12.5779 million VND/year compared to the pre-urbanization period. After urbanization, new jobs will increase, with employment disparities before and after urbanization in each family averaging about 1.734 jobs. The survey findings also show that household investments have the most significant influence on household income (standardized coefficients = 0.465). Compensation also has a positive and relatively substantial impact on household income with standardized coefficients = 0.195. However, the undesirable consequences of urbanization affected the employment of a part of the population, the number of unemployed leads to a decrease in the household’s income (standardized coefficients = –0.13).

This study designed the challenges faced by urban dwellers in Vietnam during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges facing people are shown through research indicators such as people’s income, expenditures, unemployment, and government support. The study collected data through the survey of 352 people (Survey respondents represent areas heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam, such as Bac Giang Province, Da Nang City, Hanoi Capital, and Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong Province). Among the 352 people surveyed, 206 lived in urban areas and 146 in rural and suburban areas. Differential analysis and multivariate regression were used to analyze the research data. The findings of the study show that the incomes of people in urban areas compared to those in rural areas varied before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the study shows that the income and expenditures of people in urban areas declined before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show different levels of impact of factors on income in urban areas affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Government support factor has the greatest impact on people’s income in urban areas of Vietnam (Standardized coefficients = 0.502).

This study was carried out to examine the livelihood vulnerabilities encountered by residents in Vietnam’s urban areas during the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic. People’s vulnerabilities are approached in terms of employment and income vulnerabilities. The study compares the changes in income and employment of residents in Vietnam’s urban regions during the outbreak of Covid-19 and after the epidemic which is gradually controlled to determine the livelihood losses that people in urban areas face. Data for the study were collected from 206 families in Vietnam’s urban areas that were directly affected by the epidemic. The multivariate regression method is used to evaluate people’s vulnerability during epidemic outbreaks. According to the findings of the study, the income disparity between the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and the end of the epidemic is fairly considerable (about VND 7.6189 million/month). The multivariate regression model’s results reveal that the degree of government assistance provided during the epidemic time has the greatest positive impact on people’s income and quality of life (Standardized Coefficients = 0.584), whereas people’s unemployment during the pandemic outbreak period has a negative impact, causing damage to people’s income (Standardized Coefficients = –0.395). The study will recommend new livelihood strategies for residents in the context of Vietnam’s “new normal” based on the findings of the investigation.

This study is designed to analyze the influence of industrial park (IP) development on the lives of people living around the IPs in Vietnam and on new livelihood strategies for people after the industrial park was built and developed. Data were collected from a survey of 409 people living around industrial parks in three regions of Vietnam (Northern, Central, and South Vietnam). The findings show that the livelihood resources, such as financial resources, physical resources, social resources, and natural resources, have a positive relationship with people’s livelihoods after industrial park construction and development; though, the degree of influence of these resources is different. Whereas human resources have a positive effect (through the item – additional jobs created by the industrial park) and a negative effect on income (through the object – the unemployed labor by the industrial park built and developed). The findings also show that most households surveyed responded that their lives had changed for the better (about 41.36% compared to nearly 28.91% of households surveyed who said their income had decreased).