Determinant of fraudulent behavior in the Indonesian rural bank sector using the fraud hexagon perspective

The purpose of this study is the examination of the financial fraud in Greek companies, listed on the Athens Exchange for the period of 2008-2015 during the economic crisis in Greece. The data of all the listed companies that were used comprise financial statements, reviews in the reports by the auditors and the figures and information based on the reports of the Athens Exchange. A total of twelve companies were found and they comprise the primary research sample with fraud in their financial statements (FFS), while another twelve companies were employed as a control sample (non-FFS) for various comparisons. From thirty financial ratios, several statistical tests to the sample and the control sample are applied in order to create a model that will use ratios as “predictors” in the analysis of financial statements for fraud. The model is accurate in classifying the total sample correctly with accuracy rates exceeding 90 percent. The results demonstrate that the model functions effectively in detecting FFS in a period of economic crisis and could be used as a tool to the banking system, from internal and external auditors and taxation or other state authorities.

Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) plays an important role in implementing Islamic law in Islamic banks, including fraud prevention. This ungodly act, also known as haram, is highly forbidden in Islam, as evidenced in the holy book of Al Qur’an. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide evidence on the role of SSB attributes (number of members, expertise, cross-membership, educational level, attendance of meeting, tenure) in preventing fraud. This study used 11 Islamic banks in Indonesia as research samples that were observed during 2014–2018. Data were analyzed using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The research findings from this study showed that the number of members, cross-membership, education level, attendance of meetings, and SSB tenure were not proven to reduce fraud. SSB’s expertise in accounting/finance had a negative influence on financial statement fraud. The implication of the study is that SSB’s expertise helps banks to effectively carry out their duties, namely detecting financial statement fraud. SSB acts as an independent control mechanism that states that all bank activities are in line with Islamic law and also avoid financial statement fraud.

This study was prompted by the fact that no research study focused on the application of the Open Contracting principle of disclosure in South African public procurement. The main issue examined in this study pertained to the application of the disclosure principle of Open Contracting in the South African public procurement system. The study population included members of the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply Chain (CIPS) employed in the South African public service. This research study used applied, exploratory and non-experimental research in conjunction with descriptive and inferential statistics. The measuring instrument designed for this study included an online survey containing a structured, close-ended questionnaire that measured the disclosure aspect covered in an in-depth literature study. With regard to the results obtained from this study, it is evident that the respondents indicated that there are opportunities to adopt the disclosure principle within South African public procurement. This study provides definite guidelines to procurement practitioners and policy makers concerning the application of proactively disclosing information at the different stages of government procurement. Disclosure in public procurement is rapidly changing and the South African public sector should keep abreast of such changes (e.g., the use of Open Contracting) to ensure that its procurement system is suitably equipped to deliver better deals, minimize fraud and corruption, ensure high quality of performance and a fairer business environment.