Optimizing dormant account management in UAE banking: Legal gaps and proposed reforms

Various mechanisms for implementation, and at the same time contradictory approaches to the essence, evaluation, reflection, and regulation, led to the need to consider and improve approaches to the recognition of cryptocurrency.

Based on the critical analysis of the legal provisions in Ukraine and the approaches of scientific experts, practitioners and international experience, the economic essence of cryptocurrency is substantiated. The legal, economic and accounting aspects of cryptocurrency recognition in developed and transformational economies are revealed. In order to meet the information needs of users, the peculiarities of the application of methods for estimating cryptocurrency commodities and the influence of the chosen method on the reflection of such an asset in the financial statements have been identified. The necessity to clarify and harmonize existing national accounting standards for recognizing and reporting on cryptocurrency transactions has been identified.

The proposed approach to the identification and recognition of cryptocurrency goods will improve the relations between the owners of cryptocurrency and the state, legalize cryptocurrency transactions and form an effective system for managing such transactions in Ukraine.

In the context of global economic integration, there are many opportunities for promoting economic development, but there are also challenges of complexity and risk in business activities. This always raises many questions that need to be resolved for credit institutions. The internal control system of credit institutions has become increasingly important for the sustainable development of the national financial system. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the internal control system in the practical application of Vietnamese credit institutions. Descriptive statistics are applied to analyze data using SPSS software. The structured questionnaire is designed to collect objective opinions and purposive sampling techniques among 382 experts who are managers of credit institutions in 2020. The results show that all five components improve the effectiveness of the internal control system, and the internal control system plays a role in the safety of Vietnamese credit institutions. Thus, the Central Bank of Vietnam should improve the legal framework and related internal control provisions for credit institutions in accordance with international principles to improve the effectiveness of the internal control system.

In the digital age, viral marketing has emerged as a key driver in shaping brand equity, particularly in the highly competitive Egyptian home appliances sector. Traditional marketing strategies have proven insufficient in reaching consumers with the same efficacy as viral campaigns, which leverage digital platforms and consumer networks. This study examines the influence of viral marketing on brand equity dimensions – brand awareness, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and brand association – through the lens of both customer perception and legal frameworks Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 270 respondents across 389 companies, with a response rate of approximately 70% of the total population in Egypt’s home appliances sector, with simple linear regression analysis employed to assess the relationships. The results indicate a strong positive effect of viral marketing on brand equity. Specifically, viral marketing accounts for 27.2% of the variance in brand awareness (R² = 0.272, p < 0.001), 28.1% in perceived quality (R² = 0.281, p < 0.01), 13.6% in brand loyalty (R² = 0.136, p < 0.05), and 40.9% in brand association (R² = 0.409, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the study finds that regulatory compliance plays a moderating role, ensuring that viral marketing campaigns remain within ethical and legal bounds, thereby enhancing consumer trust and the long-term impact of marketing efforts.
These findings highlight the strategic value of integrating viral marketing with a firm understanding of legal frameworks to optimize brand equity in Egypt’s home appliances industry. This research provides actionable insights for brand managers and marketers looking to maximize the efficacy of their viral campaigns while maintaining brand integrity.

Acknowledgment
The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at University of Bisha for supporting this work through the Fast-Track Research Support Program.