The impact of User-Generated Content and religiosity on tourist expectations and visit decisions in Muslim-friendly tourism

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. However, since the Islamic banks were being established in Indonesia for about 20 years, their market share only accounts for about 5% in the Indonesian banking system. Muslim participations in using Islamic bank are relatively low. This study expands the Theory of Planned Behavior by adding the variables of religiosity and self-efficacy. Previous studies have not examined this new expanded model to analyze customers who participated in using the saving Islamic bank’s products and services. Based on 220 Islamic bank consumers who participated in the study, the study indicated that questionnaires about religiosity and self-efficacy had good external validity and could be adapted for the Indonesian culture context. The most interesting finding was that the religiosity variable strongly enhanced the use of Islamic banks. Similarly, this study found that the self-efficacy variable improved an intention of customers to participate in the Islamic banking system. This paper also discusses the implications of the findings and recommendations for future studies.

Research on financial well-being not only employs objective measures such as income, but also utilizes a psychological approach to measure subjective well-being, which is beneficial for alleviating stress stemming from financial conditions, enhancing overall mental health, and augmenting individuals’ quality of life. This study devises a metric for financial well-being, incorporating variables such as religiosity, anti-consumption lifestyle, and financial behavior through a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Model. The research model is examined using LISREL 8.0 for data analysis drawn from a questionnaire administered to 256 Muslim respondents. The research findings revealed that good financial behavior is the main key to achieving better financial well-being, with support from an anti-consumerist lifestyle towards such financial behavior. Meanwhile, religiosity does not significantly influence financial behavior. While religiosity can have a direct positive effect on financial well-being, it does not do so through the mediation of financial behavior. An anti-consumption lifestyle itself does not directly affect financial well-being without the help of mediating supportive financial behavior. The practical implications of these research findings suggest that financial education programs should not only focus on the aspect of religiosity alone, but also be practical and applicable to all individuals regardless of their level of religiosity.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the purchase intentions of male and female Muslim Gen Z in Indonesia toward halal cosmetics. A total of 434 female and 302 male respondents participated in the survey, and the data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) technique. The results indicated that religiosity significantly influenced attitudes and subjective norms of female respondents (β = 0.170, p = 0.000; β = 0.184, p = 0.000), and affected attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of males (β = 0.119, p = 0.014; β = 0.105, p = 0.092; β = 0.181, p = 0.002). Halal knowledge significantly affected attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and purchase intentions of females (β = 0.149, p = 0.004; β = 0.272, p = 0.000; β = 0.361, p = 0.000; β = 0.185, p = 0.001), whereas it affected attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of males (β = 0.202, p = 0.009; β = 0.370, p = 0.000; β = 0.367, p = 0.000). Halal certification also significantly influenced attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of females (β = 0.200, p = 0.000; β = 0.310, p = 0.000; β = 0.169, p = 0.009) and males (β = 0.124, p = 0.043; β = 0.305, p = 0.000; β = 0.189, p = 0.006). In conclusion, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are key determinants of the purchase intentions of both male and female Gen Z individuals regarding halal cosmetics.