Do all shocks produce embedded herding and bubble? An empirical observation of the Indian stock market

  • Received July 27, 2022;
    Accepted September 21, 2022;
    Published September 27, 2022
  • Author(s)
  • DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(3).2022.29
  • Article Info
    Volume 19 2022, Issue #3, pp. 346-359
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Herding has a history of igniting large, irrational market ups and downs, usually based on a lack of fundamental support. Intuitively, most herds start with an external shock. This empirical study seeks to detect shock-induced herding and the creation of nascent bubbles in the Indian stock market. Initially, the multifractal form of the detrended fluctuation analysis was applied. Then the Reformulated Hurst exponent for the Bombay stock exchange (BSE) was determined using Kantelhardt’s calibration. The investigation found evidence of high-level herding and a bubble in 2012, with a high value of Hurst Exponent (0.7349). The other years of the research period (2011, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2020–2021) observed mild to significant herding with comparatively lower Hurst values. The results confirm that herding behavior occurs during a crisis and harsh situations emitting shocks. The study concludes that shock-based herding is prevalent in all six shocks: the economic meltdown, commodities and currency devaluation, geo-political problems, the Central Bank’s decision on liquidity management, and the Pandemic. Additionally, the years following the Financial Crisis and the years of the Pandemic are when herding and bubble are prominent.

Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Bikramaditya Ghosh (Associate Professor, Symbiosis International University, Bangalore, India) for motivating us in this research. We also thank Dr. Natchimuthu N (Assistant Professor, Commerce, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India) and Dr. Mahesh E. (Assistant Professor, Economics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India) for their support throughout this study.

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    • Figure 1. Hurst exponent values of BSE 100 from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2021
    • Figure A1. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2011
    • Figure A2. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2012
    • Figure A3. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2013
    • Figure A4. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2014
    • Figure A5. Hurst exponent value Hq(5) in 2015
    • Figure A6. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2016
    • Figure A7. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2017
    • Figure A8. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2018
    • Figure A9. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2019
    • Figure A10. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2020
    • Figure A11. Hurst exponent value Hq (5) in 2021
    • Table 1. Hurst values and their associated interpretations
    • Table 2. Illustrating the results of Hurst for BSE 100
    • Table 3. Summary of events during periods of High Hurst Exponent
    • Conceptualization
      Tabassum Khan, Suresh G.
    • Data curation
      Tabassum Khan
    • Formal Analysis
      Tabassum Khan
    • Investigation
      Tabassum Khan, Suresh G.
    • Methodology
      Tabassum Khan
    • Software
      Tabassum Khan
    • Writing – original draft
      Tabassum Khan
    • Writing – review & editing
      Tabassum Khan, Suresh G.
    • Validation
      Suresh G.
    • Visualization
      Suresh G.