The complexity burden in transfer pricing compliance: A computational assessment of Ukrainian tax law and its implications for accounting

Tax compliance is a major contemporary debate surrounding corporate taxation in the business world. The tax avoidance issue, which remains an ethical problem for companies, has been a general concern in developed and developing countries alike. The main problem of this study is a non-tax compliance behavior of the corporate organization taxpayers in Nigeria. This study examined the influence of tax fairness on the tax compliance behavior of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The paper adopted a survey research method, and four hundred (400) copies of the questionnaire were administered to the selected manufacturing companies of both consumer and industrial goods sectors. The Laffer Curve Theory underpinned this study and Correlation Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Multiple Regression Analysis were also employed. The study found that there is a significant level of tax compliance among the listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study also shows that the corporate taxpayer’s perception of fairness of –2.765 (0.006) has a significant impact on corporate taxpayers’ willingness to pay taxes and tax knowledge of 4.601 (0.000) significantly influenced tax compliance. Based on tax knowledge, the study recommends that tax authorities must improve the knowledge of taxpayers and tax collection agents through programs, initiatives, and training on tax awareness.

Economic informality remains a critical challenge in Latin America, affecting both sustainable development and tax equity. This study analyzes the relationship between tax culture and willingness to formalize among traders in Peru’s main wholesale food market. Using a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional approach, 300 traders were surveyed using an expert-validated questionnaire with tested reliability (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 for tax culture and 0.83 for formalization). The findings show a significant positive correlation (rs = 0.914, p < 0.01) between tax culture and the probability of formalization. The dimensions of tax knowledge (rs = 0.681), tax awareness (rs = 0.701), and tax compliance (rs = 0.745) were also positively associated with the inclination to formalize. While 44.3% of respondents acknowledged that access to tax information strengthened their tax culture, only 30.3% claimed to regularly comply with their tax obligations. The study concludes that promoting formalization requires educational initiatives and public policies that strengthen the tax culture, simplify procedures and build institutional trust. It also highlights the need to integrate effective state and local tax systems and to develop legislation aligned with the realities of local government, thus promoting the inclusion of taxpayers in the tax system.

While the most important financial and accounting issues of early-stage enterprises with fast growth potential (startups) are widely covered in practice-oriented literature, academic studies do not deal with this subject. In the author’s opinion, this subject should receive more attention in academic writing, as inappropriate financial management can make it more difficult for startups to raise capital at a later stage of operation and, thus, to grow further. This paper is based on a sample of financial and tax due diligences of Hungarian startups. The authors intended to present some of the issues identified and relevant also to startups operating outside Hungary. The sample shows that due to a loss making operation in the early years, this type of companies can quickly use up their equity and, therefore, they need continuous ownership (equity) financing. The sample demonstrates that debt financing is not a viable option for this group of companies, the only option for them is venture capital financing. The authors confirmed the positive relation between startups and R&D&I. In their opinion, compliance with the rules and the optimization permitted by the rules themselves is highly significant for startups to manage their high upfront losses and to attain their general aim to raise investment capital. The financial and tax due diligences at startups allowed to identify several inappropriate practices due to complicated accounting and tax laws.