Sonia Munmun

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
This study examines the influence of socio-economic factors on life insurance demand in Bangladesh using annual data from 18 life insurance companies between 2014 and 2023. Life insurance demand is assessed using life insurance penetration and life insurance density; GDP per capita, inflation, healthcare spending to GDP, and education spending to GDP serve as proxies for socio-economic variables. This study employs a dynamic Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) method to handle cross-sectional dependence in panel data. Stepwise regression is further applied as a robustness check. The findings exhibit that GDP per capita has a statistically significant negative impact on insurance density (β = –0.0003, P < 0.001) and insurance penetration (β = –0.000002, P < 0.001). This suggests that income growth does not facilitate increased insurance adoption. In contrast, inflation has a significant positive influence on both insurance density (β = 0.0310, P < 0.001) and insurance penetration (β = 0.0001, P < 0.001), emphasizing the influence of inflationary pressure on life insurance demand. Similarly, healthcare expenditure exhibits a significant positive effect on life insurance demand, influencing both insurance density (β = 2.0560, P < 0.01) and insurance penetration (β = 0.0024, P < 0.05), possibly due to rising healthcare costs prompting individuals to seek financial security. However, education spending does not show a statistically significant effect on life insurance demand. The results indicate that demand for life insurance in Bangladesh is influenced more by financial insecurity than by income increases, emphasizing the impact of inflation and healthcare expenses on insurance adoption.