Wahyu Meiranto

This study aims to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility, budget surplus, and investment cash flow on capital expenditure budgeting within city government clusters in Indonesia. The population includes city governments recorded in the Ministry of Home Affairs. The samples were taken from data on corporate social responsibility and budget surplus, as well as investment cash flow for the fiscal year 2023 and capital expenditure budget for 2024 in 81 city governments in Indonesia. Empirical findings indicate that corporate social responsibility negatively affects capital expenditure budgeting across all city government clusters. The impact of budget surplus varies. On the one side, budget surplus has a positive effect on capital expenditure budgeting in Cluster A (highest) and a negative impact on capital expenditure budgeting in Cluster C (lowest). Conversely, in Cluster B (middle), budget surplus does not affect capital expenditure budgeting. Similarly, investment cash flow positively affects capital expenditure budgeting in Cluster A and negatively affects capital expenditure budgeting in Cluster C. Meanwhile, in Cluster B, investment cash flow does not affect capital expenditure budgeting.

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and 5.0, continuous advances in information technology have redefined electronic banking by enabling the emergence of fully digital banking services. Generation Z, characterized as digital natives due to their upbringing in a technology-saturated world and their adeptness with emerging digital technologies, represents a significant cohort in this shift. This study develops an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 3 (UTAUT3) framework by incorporating personal innovativeness to explain how various factors shape both behavioral intention and actual utilization of digital banking services among Generation Z in Indonesia. This research applied a quantitative methodology by surveying 892 Generation Z individuals who actively use digital banking services during the period from 1 April to 31 May 2025. The hypothesized model was evaluated using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The analysis reveals that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, habit, and personal innovativeness play a significant role in strengthening users’ intentions to adopt digital banking. Moreover, behavioral intention has a significant effect on actual usage behavior and serves as a mediating variable in the relationship between personal innovativeness and usage behavior. This highlights the central role of technological considerations and individual innovativeness in Generation Z’s digital banking adoption. This study enriches the technology adoption literature by empirically testing an augmented UTAUT3 model in the context of digital banking within a developing economy.

Acknowledgment
This study was financed by the Research and Community Service Program of the Faculty of Economics and Business at Diponegoro University, pursuant to Dean’s Decree No. 302/UN7.F2/HK/IV/2025.