Svitlana Ilchenko

The achievement of the desired level of efficiency in the functioning of the markets of goods and services is possible under the conditions of equilibrium of these processes on the global scale. The paper is focused on the worldwide tendencies in the development of the markets of goods and services, on their disproportional development. The relationship of the received results with the nature of functioning of economic systems and its interaction with the sphere of transport is determined. The article considers the importance of tendencies in the development of the world economic system for Ukraine, the degree of inclusion of transport into the global processes. It identifies the need to consider the asymmetry in the development levels of the markets of goods and transport services on the international and the national scale, assessing the level of deviation from the state of symmetry. It substantiates the necessity in eliminating disproportions depending on the level and type of asymmetries and taking into account the global tendencies.

The paper determines that the need in financial monitoring of Ukrainian companies of the port sector is caused by financial consequences related to the need to protect the environment, the existence of a dominant part of payments in foreign currency (foreign exchange risk associated with currency fluctuations), the possibility of cash outflows into the shadow sector of the economy and the possibility to use transport for smuggling. In addition, in the recent years there is a tendency of diminished financial stability of the seaports of Ukraine, which is a signal to determine the factors that have an impact on this situation, the consequences of risky operations and the optimal structure of sources for the formation of assets. An important aspect of financial monitoring is the necessity to identify the data about the objecton the basis of insignificant and relevant information, which makes it possible to avoid non-essential features and parameters and to speed up the decision making process at the lowest cost of expenditures and time. The study offers a methodical approach to financial monitoring of the port industry companies on the basis of the risk-based approach that takes into account the conditions for the functioning of port companies and their business characteristics, making it possible to implement the appropriate measures to prevent and avoid risky financial transactions and, consequently, to increase/preserve the competitiveness of the port sector companies. Regarding the need in further studies of the practical realization of financial monitoring of the port sector companies, there is a choice and substantiation of aggregate indicators of the financial monitoring system, their listing with a view to specific features, types and scale of activities.

For countries such as Ukraine, one of the decisive factors of their economic development is the state of transport infrastructure. Ukraine has an extensive river network, which determines the availability and the possibility of efficient use of its inland waterways. The article analyzes the state of river transport in Ukraine, assesses the prospects for its development, as well as the problems associated with the existing limitations. It offers instruments for creating effective complexes ensuring the functioning and development of this kind of activity.

Historically, the maritime industry in Ukraine, which previously was subordinated to the Ministry of Transport of Ukraine and whose successor is the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, was complex of different organizations (shipping companies, ports, ship-repairing and shipbuilding factories and other related and auxiliary enterprises). They had their own organizational structures, goals and tasks and in some way interacted with each other. Such organization was aimed, first of all, at achieving target production indicators formed by the state authorities. In fact, such structure of maritime industry can be regarded as vertically integrated. When the issue of increasing the economic efficiency of the main component of the maritime industry (of the ports) was raised, the main efforts were aimed at minimizing the costs of their functioning. This led to the creation of horizontally integrated (in whole or in part) companies in the maritime industry. The driving factor for their implementation should be the transformation of organizational and economic mechanisms of regulation of the port’s activity from the point of view of a clearly defined anti-crisis character.
Therefore, the goal of the study was to develop and justify the feasibility of using a model that will determine the effectiveness of the strategy of investment into the development of the organizational and economic mechanism of regulation of the port activity. The calculations of determining the best variant of an investment project under different external conditions are presented. In calculations based on certain criteria (appropriate levels of capitalization and effective dividend policies), we took into account the factors related to the expectations of the crisis in Ukraine, Ukraine’s unpreparedness to enter the new technological phase, the loss of scientific and technical personnel, inflationary phenomena and instability of the national and world currencies.
In addition, within the framework of the developed model, the authors propose an algorithm that makes it possible to select the characteristics and determine the parameters of optimization of the organizational and economic mechanism of regulation of the port activity under the conditions of long-term continuation of the crisis situation.