Digital transformation readiness of Kazakhstani enterprises: Mapping regional and sectoral capacities

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Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
Digital transformation is a key factor in the competitiveness of enterprises in the modern world. The study aims to analyze the readiness of enterprises in Kazakhstan for digital transformation at the regional and sectoral levels. The main research method was statistical analysis based on an index approach using data for 2023 from Kazakhstan’s Bureau of National Statistics, reflecting the digital readiness and digital maturity of enterprises. According to the findings, in Kazakhstan, the level of readiness of enterprises for digital transformation is heterogeneous both in regional and sectoral terms. Kazakhstani enterprises are characterized by a high level of basic digital readiness (81.4% of enterprises had computers, 79.5% – Internet access), an unsatisfactory level of advanced digital readiness (5.6% of enterprises had IT-specialists, 1.1% – own data centers, 3.1% – implemented business processes innovations in information and communication systems), and digital maturity (26.5% of enterprises had Internet resources, electronic invoices – 79.1%, automated internal business processes – 16.7%, cloud computing – 11.0%, big data technologies – 1.9%, and RFID technologies – 1.1%). A digital gap in the readiness of enterprises for digital transformation was revealed between the leading (Almaty and Astana cities, Atyrau, and Karaganda regions) and lagging (Mangystau, Turkestan, and Kyzylorda regions) regions, and between the sectors, where enterprises in industry, trade, information and communication, hospitality and healthcare are significantly ahead of enterprises in agriculture, construction, and real estate. It is advisable to make more active use of innovation infrastructure facilities to increase the digital potential of enterprises.

Acknowledgments
This research has been funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (IRN 19680544 “Innovation infrastructure of Kazakhstan in the context of digitalization: assessment of the state and development of an atlas”).

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    • Figure 1. Indicators of large and medium-sized enterprises of Kazakhstan in the manufacturing industry on the use of digital technologies, 2023
    • Table 1. Definitions of “digital transformation” in the enterprise context
    • Table 2. Comparative characterization of the concepts of “digital readiness” and “digital maturity”
    • Table 3. Letter-based and numeric rating scale of index interpretation
    • Table 4. Indicators of digital readiness of enterprises of Kazakhstan by regions, 2023
    • Table 5. Indicators of digital readiness of enterprises of Kazakhstan by type of activity, 2023
    • Table 6. Indicators of digital maturity of enterprises in Kazakhstan by region, 2023
    • Table 7. Indicators of digital maturity of enterprises in Kazakhstan by type of activity, 2023
    • Conceptualization
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat, Tunç Medeni, Dana Kangalakova, Liangliang Xue
    • Data curation
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat, Liangliang Xue
    • Formal Analysis
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat, Tunç Medeni, Dana Kangalakova, Liangliang Xue
    • Funding acquisition
      Zaira Satpayeva
    • Investigation
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat, Tunç Medeni, Dana Kangalakova, Liangliang Xue
    • Methodology
      Zaira Satpayeva
    • Project administration
      Zaira Satpayeva
    • Resources
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat, Tunç Medeni, Dana Kangalakova, Liangliang Xue
    • Software
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat
    • Supervision
      Zaira Satpayeva, Tunç Medeni
    • Validation
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat
    • Visualization
      Zaira Satpayeva, Dana Kangalakova
    • Writing – original draft
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat, Tunç Medeni, Dana Kangalakova, Liangliang Xue
    • Writing – review & editing
      Zaira Satpayeva, Zhanibek Bekmurat, Tunç Medeni, Dana Kangalakova, Liangliang Xue