Moderating role of managerial ambidexterity in the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance
-
Received May 20, 2025;Accepted October 14, 2025;Published November 7, 2025
-
Author(s)Oscar Ortiz-RegaladoLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-213X
,
Nelson Carrion-BosquezLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-870X
,
Santiago Demetrio Medina-MirandaLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4934-1394
,
Mary Jhanina Llamo-BurgaLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9724-4312
,
Willy Darwin Llatas-DiazLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-3614
,
David Salcedo-HerreraLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-6354
,
Wilmer Javier Poma-HuamanLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0317-6203
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.23(4).2025.19
-
Article InfoVolume 23 2025, Issue #4, pp. 264-274
- TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯ
- 15 Views
-
1 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Type of the article: Research Article
Abstract
Intangible assets represent a crucial source of competitive advantage, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging markets. This study examines the moderating role of managerial ambidexterity in the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected from 530 manufacturing firm workers between March and August 2024. The measurement models were validated through assessments of convergent and discriminant validity, while the hypothesized relationships were tested using structural equation modeling with SPSS 27 and AMOS 28. The empirical results demonstrate that intellectual capital exerts a significant positive effect on financial performance (β = 0.257, p < .001). Moreover, managerial ambidexterity significantly moderates this association, further strengthening the intellectual capital–financial performance relationship (interaction β = 0.081, p < .001). In addition, the structural model exhibited satisfactory fit indices, confirming the robustness of the analysis. The study concludes that intellectual capital constitutes a key strategic resource for enhancing financial performance, and its impact is substantially amplified when firms develop managerial ambidexterity capabilities that enable a balance between efficiency and innovation. Finally, this study adds value by demonstrating how intellectual capital and managerial ambidexterity jointly enhance financial performance. Moreover, it addresses a critical research gap in emerging markets, where empirical evidence remains scarce. The findings extend the resource-based view by confirming the synergistic role of dynamic capabilities in emerging-market SMEs.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)D24, M54, L25
-
References56
-
Tables3
-
Figures0
-
- Table 1. Determinants of the measurement model
- Table 2. Discriminant validity
- Table 3. Hypotheses testing
-
- Abhayawansa, S., Aleksanyan, M., & Cuganesan, S. (2018). Conceptualisation of intellectual capital in analysts’ narratives: A performative view. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 31(3), 950-969.
- Amendola, C., Gennaro, A., Labella, S., Vito, P., & Savastano, M. (2023). The evolution of intellectual capital disclosure driven by European regulatory change: Evidence from the Italian stock market. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 24(5), 1136-1163.
- Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
- Asiaei, K., & Jusoh, R. (2017). Using a robust performance measurement system to illuminate intellectual capital. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 26, 1-19.
- Asutay, M., & Ubaidillah. (2024). Examining the impact of intellectual capital performance on financial performance in Islamic banks. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 1231-1263.
- Ayinaddis, S. G., Tegegne, H. G., & Belay, N. A. (2024). Does intellectual capital efficiency measured by modified value-added intellectual coefficient affect the financial performance of insurance companies in Ethiopia? Plos One, 19(1), Article e0295321.
- Baima, G., Forliano, C., Santoro, G., & Vrontis, D. (2021). Intellectual capital and business model: A systematic literature review to explore their linkages. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(3), 653-679.
- Bansal, S., Garg, I., Jain, M., & Yadav, A. (2023). Improving the performance/competency of small and medium enterprises through intellectual capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 24(3), 830-853.
- Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
- Byrne, B. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (3rd ed.). Routledge.
- Cenamor, J., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2019). How entrepreneurial SMEs compete through digital platforms: The roles of digital platform capability, network capability and ambidexterity. Journal of Business Research, 100, 196-206.
- Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In Modern Methods for Business Research (pp. 295-336). Psychology Press.
- Chión, S. J., & Charles, V. (2016). Analítica de datos para la modelación estructural [Data analytics for structural modelling]. Pearson Education. (In Spanish).
- Daat, S. C., Sanggenafa, M. A., & Larasati, R. (2021). The role of intellectual capital on financial performance of SMEs. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 9(6), 1312-1321.
- Dancaková, D., & Glova, J. (2024). The impact of value-added intellectual capital on corporate performance: Cross-sector evidence. Risks, 12(10), Article 151.
- Duncan, R. B. (1976). The ambidextrous organization: Designing dual structures for innovation. The Management of Organization, 1(1), 167-188.
- Effendi, S., So, I. G., Setiadi, N. J., & Soepriyanto, G. (2024). How can microfinance institutions successfully navigate a competitive advantage and financial performance? Exploring the role of ambidextrous leadership and intellectual capital. Frontiers in Sociology, 9, Article 1482796.
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
- Gul, R., Al-Faryan, M. A. S., & Ellahi, N. (2022). The nexus between intellectual capital and financial performance: An econometric analysis from Pakistan. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 9(7), 231-237.
- Gupta, J., Rathore, P., & Kashiramka, S. (2023). Impact of intellectual capital on the financial performance of innovation-driven pharmaceutical firms: Empirical evidence from India. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 14(2), 1052-1076.
- Gupta, K., & Raman, T. V. (2021). Influence of intellectual capital on performance: An analysis of IT and pharmaceutical firms. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals (IJHCITP), 12(2), 53-71.
- Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
- Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420.
- Ho, H., Osiyevskyy, O., Amarwal, J., & Reza, S. (2020). Does ambidexterity in marketing pay off? The role of absorptive capacity. Journal of Business Research, 110, 65-79.
- Kline, R. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford.
- Lestari, N. I. G., & Adhariani, D. (2022). Can intellectual capital contribute to financial and non-financial performances during normal and crisis situations? Business Strategy & Development, 5(4), 390-404.
- Liu, L., Zhang, J., Xu, J., & Wang, Y. (2022). Intellectual capital and financial performance of Chinese manufacturing SMEs: An analysis from the perspective of different industry types. Sustainability, 14(17), Article 10657.
- March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87.
- Martínez-Román, J. A., Gamero, J., Tamayo, J. A., & Delgado-González, M. D. L. (2025). Empirical analysis of the technological exploration–exploitation balance and its impact on organizational performance under uncertainty. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), Article 221.
- Mom, T. J. M., van den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2009). Understanding variation in managers’ ambidexterity: Investigating direct and interaction effects of formal structural and personal coordination mechanisms. Organization Science, 20(4), 812-828.
- National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI). (2021). Peru: Business Structure, 2021.
- Osiyevskyy, O., Shirokova, G., & Ritala, P. (2020). Exploration and exploitation in crisis environment: Implications for level and variability of firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 114, 227-239.
- Paoloni, N., Mattei, G., Strologo, A. D., & Celli, M. (2020). The present and future of intellectual capital in the healthcare sector: A systematic literature review. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(3), 357-379.
- Paoloni, P., Cosentino, A., Arduini, S., & della Corte, G. (2023). Influencing social enterprise resilience by intellectual capital and the contribution of female leadership: Insights from the Italian context. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 24(5), 1103-1135.
- Paphawasit, B., Cherapanukorn, V., Pattanasak, P., & Wudhikarn, R. (2025). An empirical study of relationships between intellectual capital and financial performance of the tourism-related industries in the tourism-dependent country. Tourism Economics, 31(6), 1252-1278.
- Pertusa-Ortega, E. M., Molina-Azorín, J. F., Tarí, J. J., Pereira-Moliner, J., & López-Gamero, M. D. (2021). The microfoundations of organizational ambidexterity: A systematic review of individual ambidexterity through a multilevel framework. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 24(4), 355-371.
- Ping, Jr R. A. (2004). On assuring valid measures for theoretical models using survey data. Journal of Business Research, 57(2), 125-141.
- Rahman, M. J., & Liu, H. (2023). Intellectual capital and firm performance: The moderating effect of auditor characteristics. Asian Review of Accounting, 31(4), 522-558.
- Rambe, P. A., Maksum, A., Erlina, & Zulkarnain. (2025). What is the most critical element of intellectual capital that influences business performance? Journal of Posthumanism, 5(5), 2827-2842.
- Rono, L. C., Korir, M. K., & Komen, J. J. (2021). Moderating effect of organizational ambidexterity on the relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance of food and beverages companies in Kenya. African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 6(2), 53-65.
- Saeed, M., Adiguzel, Z., Shafique, I., Kalyar, M. N., & Abrudan, D. B. (2023). Big data analytics-enabled dynamic capabilities and firm performance: Examining the roles of marketing ambidexterity and environmental dynamism. Business Process Management Journal, 29(4), 1204-1226.
- Sardo, F., Serrasqueiro, Z., & Alves, H. (2018). On the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance: A panel data analysis on SME hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75(1), 67-74.
- Seepana, C., Paulraj, A., & Smart, P. (2022). Relational resources for innovation ambidexterity within coopetitive relationships: The contingent role of managerial ambidexterity. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 42(12), 1969-1994.
- Shamout, M. D. (2023). Analyzing the moderating role of coopetition network size on the impact of analytics capabilities, ambidexterity, and coopetition on firm performance. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 11(1), Article 100203.
- Shehzad, M. U., Zhang, J., Dost, M., Ahmad, M. S., & Alam, S. (2023). Linking green intellectual capital, ambidextrous green innovation and firms green performance: Evidence from Pakistani manufacturing firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 24(4), 974-1001.
- Soewarno, N., & Tjahjadi, B. (2020). Measures that matter: An empirical investigation of intellectual capital and financial performance of banking firms in Indonesia. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(6) 1085-1106.
- Taha, N., Alshurafat, H., Shbail, A., & Obeid, M. (2022). The impact of different intellectual capital dimensions on banks operational and financial performance. In International Conference on Business and Technology (pp. 946-956). Cham: Springer.
- Ting, I. W. K., Ren, C., Chen, F.-C., & Kweh, Q. L. (2020). Interpreting the dynamic performance effect of intellectual capital through a value-added-based perspective. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(3), 381-401.
- Wang, Z., & Hu, H. (2018). Dynamic response to demand variability for precast production rescheduling with multiple lines. International Journal of Production Research, 56(16), 5386-5401.
- Wang, Z., Wang, N., & Liang, H. (2014). Knowledge sharing, intellectual capital and firm performance. Management Decision, 52(2), 230-258.
- Weqar, F., Khan, A. M., Raushan, M. A., & Haque, S. M. I. (2021). Measuring the impact of intellectual capital on the financial performance of the finance sector of India. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 12(3), 1134-1151.
- Xu, J., Haris, M., & Liu, F. (2023). Intellectual capital efficiency and firms’ financial performance based on business life cycle. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 24(3), 653-682.
- Xu, X. L., & Liu, C. K. (2019). How to keep renewable energy enterprises to reach economic sustainable performance: From the views of intellectual capital and life cycle. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 9(1), Article 7.
- Yin, J., & Xu, J. (2025). Intellectual capital, digital transformation and firms’ financial performance: Evidence from ecological protection and environmental governance industry in China. PloS One, 20(1), Article e0316724.
- Zahid, Z., Zhang, J., Shahzad, M. A., Junaid, M., & Shrivastava, A. (2024). Green Synergy: Interplay of corporate social responsibility, green intellectual capital, and green ambidextrous innovation for sustainable performance in the industry 4.0 era. Plos One, 19(8), Article e0306349.
- Zhang, J. A., Chen, G., O’Kane, C., Xiang, S., & Wang, J. (2022). How employee exploration and exploitation affect task performance: The influence of organizational competitive orientation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(5), 930-964.
-
-
Conceptualization
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Willy Darwin Llatas-Diaz, David Salcedo-Herrera
-
Data curation
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Mary Jhanina Llamo-Burga, David Salcedo-Herrera
-
Formal Analysis
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Mary Jhanina Llamo-Burga, David Salcedo-Herrera
-
Investigation
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Nelson Carrion-Bosquez
-
Methodology
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Wilmer Javier Poma-Huaman
-
Supervision
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Willy Darwin Llatas-Diaz, Wilmer Javier Poma-Huaman
-
Validation
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Willy Darwin Llatas-Diaz, David Salcedo-Herrera, Wilmer Javier Poma-Huaman
-
Visualization
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Santiago Demetrio Medina-Miranda, Mary Jhanina Llamo-Burga, Willy Darwin Llatas-Diaz, David Salcedo-Herrera
-
Writing – original draft
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Santiago Demetrio Medina-Miranda, Mary Jhanina Llamo-Burga, Willy Darwin Llatas-Diaz, David Salcedo-Herrera, Wilmer Javier Poma-Huaman
-
Writing – review & editing
Oscar Ortiz-Regalado, Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Santiago Demetrio Medina-Miranda, Mary Jhanina Llamo-Burga, Willy Darwin Llatas-Diaz, David Salcedo-Herrera, Wilmer Javier Poma-Huaman
-
Project administration
Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Santiago Demetrio Medina-Miranda
-
Resources
Nelson Carrion-Bosquez, Santiago Demetrio Medina-Miranda, Willy Darwin Llatas-Diaz, Wilmer Javier Poma-Huaman
-
Software
Nelson Carrion-Bosquez
-
Funding acquisition
Santiago Demetrio Medina-Miranda, Willy Darwin Llatas-Diaz, Wilmer Javier Poma-Huaman
-
Conceptualization
-
Industrial development in Saudi Arabia: disparity in growth and development
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 18, 2020 Issue #2 pp. 23-35 Views: 4070 Downloads: 1469 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯIndustrial development in any nation plays a vital role in the strengthening of the economy and employs human resources as per specifications and directly towards the mainstream of the nation. In Saudi Arabia, there was rapid industrialization for four decades. Some manufacturing industries performed well, while some internal and external business environment factors influenced the others’ performance. The study focuses on historical development, as well as recent trends of well-performing and poor-performing industries of Saudi Arabia. Small manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia are underdeveloped and need more attention to attain sustainable and progressive growth rate in the form of the number of establishments to enjoy the potential. Manufacture of tobacco, computer, electronics and optics, pharmaceuticals and transport equipment are the deprived and underdeveloped industries of the manufacturing sector. There should be some easy credit schemes for the development of deprived or underdeveloped manufacturing industries. To attain sustainable growth and development of the manufacturing sector, a positive attitude of the government towards underdeveloped manufacturing industries, favorable labor laws, and entrepreneurial awareness, technical and financial assistance are necessary. The growth and development of the manufacturing sector of Saudi Arabia will be helpful in the attainment of goals of Vision 2030.
-
Why banks should consider ESG risk factors in bank lending?
Sarwar Uddin Ahmed
,
Samiul Parvez Ahmed
,
Ikramul Hasan
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(3).2018.07
Banks and Bank Systems Volume 13, 2018 Issue #3 pp. 71-80 Views: 3724 Downloads: 1571 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯWhy banks should be concerned about incorporating environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria in the lending process? What is the motivation? This study aims to find the motives for considering environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria in bank lending process. A primary survey has been conducted to know the current status and motivation for incorporating ESG factors in investment decisions. Sample comprised 30 private commercial banks (PCBs) operating in Bangladesh. Data collected were analyzed with graphs, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis. Findings of the study indicate that banks are mostly considering basic environmental, social and governance factors set by regulators qualitatively. They are lagging behind in considering the advanced ESG criteria needed for sustainable and efficient credit risk management. Based on motivation for incorporating ESG factors, it was found that banks pioneering in incorporating ESG factors in lending decisions are compensated through better financial performance. Findings of the study are expected to encourage practitioners and policy-makers to take more pragmatic steps to incorporate ESG risk factors quantitatively in lending decision-making process.
-
ERP implementation in banks: success factors & impact on financial performance
Munther Al-Nimer , Ahmed Omush , Adel Almasarwah doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(4).2017.02Banks and Bank Systems Volume 12, 2017 Issue #4 pp. 17-30 Views: 3509 Downloads: 1520 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThe study aims to measure the extent of implementing ERP systems in the banking sector in Jordan, and identify the main factors that influence the implementation decision, in addition to measure the impact of the post-implementation of the ERP system on the financial performance. The study utilized a content analysis as a research instrument. The study of population consisted of all the banks in Jordan, where the study applied ‘Purposive Sample’ type. Therefore, the study included 11 banks from 2011 to 2016.
The study indicated that the implementation year of the ERP system started in most of the Jordanian banks in 2013, and the rates vary from bank to bank according to their importance and the level of awareness. Training courses are considered the main variable that these banks face in the process of implementation. In addition, awareness of the advantages, the cost, and supporting the infrastructure are the core factors needed to influence the implementation decision.
There is no impact when implementing an ERP system on the financial performance of the Jordanian banks in regard to the ROI and the DPS; on the other hand, there is an impact of the ERP system on the overall performance of the banks.
The study recommends to disseminate knowledge on the advantages of implementing of ERP system in Jordanian banks and to develop the IT department efficiency. Moreover, it will be worthwhile to examine the effect of ERP systems by utilizing financial and non-financial measurements.

