Han Pham Dinh

Finding the factors associated with the intention to buy apartments is essential for real estate enterprises. This study applies an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore Vietnamese consumers’ intentions to purchase flats. Besides the structure of the TPB, other determinants relevant to the research context were identified by reviewing the literature. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect 512 responses using the questionnaire. The covariance-based structural equation modeling was applied to test the measurement and structural models. The results revealed that perceived behavioral control was the most critical determinant of purchase intention, followed by financial factors, attitude toward a behavior, apartment features, and subjective norms. In addition, project facilities, perceived risk, financial factors, and apartment features indirectly affect purchase intention through attitude toward a behavior. Meanwhile, the relationship between project facilities and perceived risk with purchase intention is not statistically significant. Thus, attitude toward a behavior is essential in enhancing the consumers’ apartment purchase intention at this stage. The study implements a suitable model to analyze the intention to purchase apartments in a developing country by extending TPB.

Acknowledgment
This study was carried out within the framework of the doctoral thesis subject to Decision No. 4287/QD-ĐHDT dated 30/10/2020 of Duy Tan University, Vietnam. The authors would like to thank the reviewers and the editor-in-chief for helping to prepare this study.

This study aims to examine the impact of transformational leadership on job performance, emphasizing the mediating roles of work engagement, work motivation, and organizational culture, as well as the moderating effect of power distance. A total of 500 survey questionnaires were distributed in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, with 341 valid responses analyzed using structural equation modeling (Smart-PLS). The findings indicate that transformational leadership has a small direct effect on job performance and work engagement but demonstrates a moderate impact on work motivation and a significant influence on organizational culture. Work engagement, work motivation, and organizational culture mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance. Additionally, the results reveal that power distance moderates the effect of transformational leadership on work motivation but not on job performance, work engagement, and organizational culture. Employees with a high power distance tend to weaken the positive relationship between transformational leadership and work motivation, thereby reducing job performance. The study provides insights into leadership strategies in hierarchical healthcare environments of Vietnam.

Acknowledgment
This study was carried out within the framework of the doctoral thesis subject to Decision No. 2/QD-DHTD dated January 12, 2020, at Tay Do University, Vietnam.

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
This study investigates the key factors that shape individuals’ decisions to repurchase voluntary personal auto insurance, with particular attention to the mediating effect of customer satisfaction and the moderating role of perceived risk. Drawing upon the theory of planned behavior, perceived risk theory, and expectation-confirmation theory, the study employs a structured face-to-face survey conducted between January and April 2025 among 496 voluntary personal auto insurance policyholders in the Southeast region of Vietnam. Respondents were randomly selected from customers who had renewed their policies at least once, ensuring that the sample represented active policyholders with actual repurchase experience. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the hypothesized relationships. The analysis reveals that customer satisfaction is a critical driver of repurchase intention, acting both independently and through mediators such as brand image, subjective knowledge, and perceived value. Additional factors, namely price sensitivity and perceived behavioral control, also show positive effects on repurchasing behavior. Interestingly, perceived service quality does not significantly influence repurchase intention, indicating a potential shift in consumer expectations within digital insurance environments. Furthermore, the study finds that perceived risk mitigates the strength of the satisfaction-repurchase link, suggesting that even satisfied clients may hesitate to renew when uncertainty is high. The results contribute to theoretical models of post-purchase behavior and provide practical implications for insurers seeking to enhance customer loyalty through improved satisfaction, trust, and risk communication.

Acknowledgment
This research was conducted as part of the doctoral dissertation approved by Decision No. 1218/QD-DHNCT on December 14, 2023, by Nam Can Tho University, Vietnam. The authors express their gratitude to the reviewers and editor-in-chief for their valuable assistance in preparing this study.