Does corporate governance matter in elucidating factors that drive profitability in the insurance industry?
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ins.16(1).2025.08
-
Article InfoVolume 16 2025, Issue #1, pp. 90-102
- 9 Views
-
0 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Indonesia’s insurance sector faces governance challenges, including low market penetration, financial instability, and declining public trust. This study examines the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) mechanisms, including the Independent Board of Commissioners, Board of Directors, Audit Committee, and Institutional Ownership, along with Firm Size, on profitability, measured by Return on Equity (ROE). Using multiple linear regression, the study analyzes 240 financial reports from 15 publicly listed Indonesian insurance firms (2020–2023). The findings indicate that most governance mechanisms, including the Independent Board of Commissioners, Audit Committee, and Institutional Ownership, do not significantly affect profitability. However, the Board of Directors negatively influences business performance, suggesting potential inefficiencies or governance constraints. Conversely, Firm Size positively affects profitability, highlighting the advantage of economies of scale. This suggests that structural governance alone is insufficient for profitability without accompanying firm-level strategic advantages. These outcomes imply that Indonesian insurance firms may be over-relying on compliance-based governance without leveraging it for performance gains. Strengthening the strategic capabilities of governance actors could turn oversight mechanisms into profitability drivers.
Acknowledgments
The research team would like to thank Universitas Multimedia Nusantara for supporting this study.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)G22, G32, M41
-
References66
-
Tables5
-
Figures0
-
- Table 1. Descriptive statistics
- Table 2. Correlation test
- Table 3. Multicollinearity test
- Table 4. Multiple regression analysis results
- Table 5. Model summary
-
- Adnyani, N. S., Endiana, I. D. M., & Arizona, P. E. (2020). Pengaruh Penerapan Good Corporate Governance dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap kinerja Perusahaan [The Influence of the Implementation of Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility on Company Performance]. Jurnal Kharisma, 2(2), 228-249. (In Indonesian).
- Alawiah, Y., Damaianti, I., & Devi, W. S. G. R. (2022). Pengaruh Leverage Dan Firm Size Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Perusahaan Industri Consumer Goods Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Tahun 2016–2021 [The Effect of Leverage and Firm Size on Profitability in Consumer Goods Industry Companies Listed on the IDX in 2016–2021]. Ekonam: Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi & Manajemen, 4(2), 64-72. (In Indonesian).
- Al-Faryan, M. A. S. (2024). Agency theory, corporate governance and corruption: an integrative literature review approach. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 1-29.
- Al-Faryan, M. A. S., & Alokla, J. (2023). Do Publicly Listed Insurance Firms in Saudi Arabia Have Strong Corporate Governance? Economies, 11(1), 1-41.
- Al-Matari, E. M., Al-Swidi, A. K., Fadzil, F. H., & Al-Matari, Y. A. (2012). The Impact of board characteristics on Firm Performance: Evidence from Nonfinancial Listed Companies in Kuwaiti Stock Exchange. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2(2), 310.
- Almira, N. P. A. K., & Wiagustini, N. L. P. (2020). Return on Asset, Return on Equity, Dan Earning Per Share Berpengaruh Terhadap Return Saham [Return on Asset, Return on Equity, and Earning Per Share Affect Stock Returns]. E-Jurnal Manajemen, 9(3), 1069. (In Indonesian).
- Al-Shaer, H., Malik, M. F., & Zaman, M. (2022). What do audit committees do? Transparency and impression management. Journal of Management and Governance, 26(4), 1443-1468.
- Aminah, N. N., & Wuryani, E. (2021). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas Terhadap Kebijakan Hutang Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Bei Tahun 2014–2018 [The Influence of Institutional Ownership, Company Size, Profitability on Debt Policy in Manufacturing Companies at BEI 2014–2018]. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 9(2), 337-352. (In Indonesian).
- Andriyani, N., & Sari, W. (2020). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan (Firm Size) dan Profitabilitas terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) [The Influence of Firm Size and Profitability on Stock Prices in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)]. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis & Publik, 11(1), 1-8. (In Indonesian).
- Anggraeni, R. D., Barnas, B., & Purbayati, R. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Mekanisme Internal Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan [Analysis of the Influence of Internal Good Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Company Profitability]. Journal of Applied Islamic Economics and Finance, 3(1), 129-140. (In Indonesian).
- Azmy, A., Anggreini, D. R., & Hamim, M. (2019). Effect of Good Corporate Governance on Company Profitability RE & Property Sector in Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi, 23(1), 17.
- Boivie, S., Withers, M. C., Graffin, S. D., & Corley, K. G. (2021). Corporate directors’ implicit theories of the roles and duties of boards. Strategic Management Journal, 42(9), 1662-1695.
- Cahyati, W. N., Hariyanto, E., Setyadi, E. J., & Inayati, N. I. (2021). Pengaruh Rotasi Audit, Audit Tenure, Fee Audit, Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Kualitas Audit (Studi Pada Perusahaan Food and Beverage Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014–2019) [The Effect of Audit Rotation, Audit Tenure, Audit Fee, and Audit Committee on Audit Quality (Study of Food and Beverage Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014–2019)]. Ratio: Reviu Akuntansi Kontemporer Indonesia, 2(1), 51-62. (In Indonesian).
- Casteel, A., & Bridier, N. L. (2021). Describing populations and samples in doctoral student research. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 16, 339-362.
- Collier, B., & Skees, J. (2012). Increasing the resilience of financial intermediaries through portfolio-level insurance against natural disasters. Natural Hazards, 64(1), 55-72.
- Dave, Y., & Sohani, N. (2019). Improving productivity through Lean practices in central India-based manufacturing industries. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 10(2), 601-621.
- Dewi, R., & Agarta, V. (2023). Daftar Perusahaan Asuransi yang Izinya Dicabut OJK, Paling Baru Kresna Life [List of Insurance Companies Whose Licenses Have Been Revoked by OJK, Most Recently Kresna Life]. Koran Tempo. (In Indonesian).
- Dey, A. (2008). Corporate Governance and Agency Conflicts. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(5), 1143-1181.
- Fariha, R., Hossain, M. M., & Ghosh, R. (2022). Board characteristics, audit committee attributes and firm performance: empirical evidence from emerging economy. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 7(1), 84-96.
- Fitriyani, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Dewan Komisaris, Dewan Direksi, Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan Di BEI Tahun 2017–2019 [The Influence of the Board of Commissioners, Board of Directors, and Audit Committee on Banking Profitability at the IDX in 2017–2019]. JIMEA: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi, 5(2), 849-867. (In Indonesian).
- Ghafran, C., & O’Sullivan, N. (2013). The governance role of audit committees: Reviewing a decade of evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(4), 381-407.
- Githaiga, P. N., Muturi Kabete, P., & Caroline Bonareri, T. (2022). Board characteristics and earnings management. Does firm size matter? Cogent Business and Management, 9(1).
- Hasibuan, R., Purba, R. C., & Budianto. (2022). Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Untuk Meningkat Minat Kewirausahaan Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Sosial Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia [Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Untuk Meningkat Minat Kewirausahaan Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Sosial Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia]. Jurnal Abdimas Mutiara, 3(1), 248-253. (In Indonesian).
- Hormati, A., Nurdin, N., Syahdan, R., & Buamonabot, I. (2022). An Empirical Study on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and Financial Governance: Firm Size as Control Variable. Society, 10(1), 32-44.
- Indonesia Financial Services Authority. (2023). Draft Roadmap Pengembangan Perasuransian Indonesia [Draft Roadmap for Indonesian Insurance Development]. Departemen Pengaturan Dan Pengembangan IKNB, OJK. (In Indonesian).
- Intia, L. C., & Azizah, S. N. (2021). Pengaruh Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris Independen, Dan Dewan Pengawas Syariah Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia [The Influence of the Board of Directors, Independent Board of Commissioners, and Sharia Supervisory Board on the Financial Performance of Islamic Banking in Indonesia]. Jurnal Riset Keuangan Dan Akuntansi, 7(2), 46-59. (In Indonesian).
- Isayas, Y. N. (2022). Determinants of banks’ profitability: Empirical evidence from banks in Ethiopia. Cogent Economics and Finance, 10(1).
- Jihadi, M., Vilantika, E., Hashemi, S. M., Arifin, Z., Bachtiar, Y., & Sholichah, F. (2021). The Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, and Profitability on Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 423-431.
- Johl, S. K., Kaur, S., & Cooper, B. J. (2015). Board Characteristics and Firm Performance: Evidence from Malaysian Public Listed Firms. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(2), 239-243.
- Kalnins, A. (2018). Multicollinearity: How common factors cause Type 1 errors in multivariate regression. Strategic Management Journal, 39(8), 2362-2385.
- Katutari, R. A., & Yuyetta, E. N. A. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusi, Karakteristik Dewan Komisaris Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Profitabilitas [The Influence of Institutional Ownership, Characteristics of the Board of Commissioners and Audit Committee on Profitability]. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 8(3), 1-12. (In Indonesian).
- Kiptoo, I. K., Kariuki, S. N., & Ocharo, K. N. (2021). Risk management and financial performance of insurance firms in Kenya. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1).
- Kurniawan, E. R., & Asyik, N. F. (2020). Pengaruh Goodcorporate Governance Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dan Profitabilitas [The Influence of Good Corporate Governance on Company Value and Profitability]. Jurnall Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 9(11), 1-25. (In Indonesian).
- Lim, H., & Rokhim, R. (2020). Factors affecting profitability of pharmaceutical company: an Indonesian evidence. Journal of Economic Studies, 48(5), 981-995.
- Lumbanraja, T. (2021). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance (Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Dan Komite Audit) Terhadap Profitabilitas [The Influence of Good Corporate Governance (Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, and Audit Committee) on Profitability]. Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 4(2), 159. (In Indonesian).
- Merendino, A., & Melville, R. (2019). The board of directors and firm performance: empirical evidence from listed companies. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 19(3), 508-551.
- Nainggolan, M. N., Sirait, A., Nasution, O. N., & Astuty, F. (2022). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Pertumbuhan penjualan, dan leverage terhadap profitabilitas melalui rasio Roa pada sektor Food & Beverage dalam BEI periode 2015–2019 [The Influence of Company Size, Sales Growth, and Leverage on Profitability through the ROA Ratio in the Food & Beverage Sector in the IDX for the 2015–2019 Period]. Owner, 6(1), 948-963. (In Indonesian).
- Napitupulu, I. H., Situngkir, A., Basuki, F. H., & Nugroho, W. (2023). Optimizing Good Corporate Governance Mechanism to Improve Performance: Case in Indonesia’s Manufacturing Companies. Global Business Review, 24(6), 1205-1226.
- Ngatno, Apriatni, E. P., & Youlianto, A. (2021). Moderating effects of corporate governance mechanism on the relation between capital structure and firm performance. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1).
- NH, D., & Gewati, M. (2022). ANJ Komitmen Terapkan Prinsip GCG untuk Perkokoh Kinerja Perusahaan [ANJ is Committed to Implementing GCG Principles to Strengthen Company Performance]. (In Indonesian).
- Nugraha, N. M., Novan, D., Nugraha, S., Fitria, B. T., Ayunitha, A., & Sulastri, H. W. (2021). The Influence of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, and Board of Commissioners on Agency Costs. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(8), 1381-1387.
- Nurhayati, S. A., & Wijayanti, A. (2022). Pengaruh kepemilikan institusional, likuiditas, dan leverage terhadap profitabilitas [The effect of institutional ownership, liquidity, and leverage on profitability]. Inovasi, 18(2), 360-368. (In Indonesian).
- Nuswantara, D. A., Carolina, N. D. S., & Krisprimandoyo, D. A. (2020). Corporate Governance Mechanism and Profitability (Indonesian Banking Company Case). International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 4(9), 31-39.
- Pongelli, C., Majocchi, A., Bauweraerts, J., Sciascia, S., Caroli, M., & Verbeke, A. (2023). The impact of board of directors’ characteristics on the internationalization of family SMEs. Journal of World Business, 58(2).
- Pratama, B. C., Putri, I., & Innayah, M. N. (2020). The Effect of Enterprise Risk Management Disclosure, Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Independent Board of Commissioners, Board of Director and Audit Committee Towards Firm Value. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Keuangan, 9(1), 60-72.
- Prayanthi, I., & Laurens, C. N. (2020). Pengaruh Dewan Direksi, Komisaris Independen, Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pada Sektor Makanan Dan Minuman [The Influence of the Board of Directors, Independent Commissioners, and Audit Committee on Financial Performance in the Food and Beverage Sector]. Klabat Journal of Management, 1(1), 66. (In Indonesian).
- Purnomo, D. A., Mudjiyanti, R., Hariyanto, E., & Pratama, B. C. (2021). Pengaruh Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, Kepemilikan Publik Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Bumn Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016–2020) [The Influence of the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, Public Ownership and Institutional Ownership on Company Performance (Study of State-Owned Enterprises Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016–2020 Period)]. Ratio: Reviu Akuntansi Kontemporer Indonesia, 2(2), 82-91. (In Indonesian).
- Puspadini, M., & Brande, T. (2025). Tegas, OJK Minta Michael Steven Dkk Bayar Kerugian Nasabah [Firmly, OJK Asks Michael Steven et al to Pay Customer Losses]. CNBC Indonesia. (In Indonesian).
- Puspita, Y., Rinaldo, J., & Putri, S. Y. A. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institutional dan Kas Setara Kas Terhadap Laba Bersih pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015–2019 [The Effect of Institutional Ownership and Cash Equivalents on Net Profit in Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015–2019]. Ekasakti Pareso Jurnal Akuntansi, 1(1), 94-103. (In Indonesian).
- Rahmawati, D., & Nani, D. A. (2021). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Tingkat Hutang Terhadap Tax Avoidance [The Influence of Profitability, Company Size, and Debt Level on Tax Avoidance]. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 26(1), 1-11. (In Indonesian).
- Safitri, N., & Purwaningsih, E. (2023). Pengaruh Dewan Direksi, Dewan Komisaris, dan Kualitas Audit terhadap Profitabilitas [The Influence of the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, and Audit Quality on Profitability]. Journal of Advances in Digital Business and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 23-33. (In Indonesian).
- Saleh, M. W. A., Eleyan, D., & Maigoshi, Z. S. (2022). Moderating effect of CEO power on institutional ownership and performance. EuroMed Journal of Business, 19(3), 442-461.
- Salehi, M., Tahervafaei, M., & Tarighi, H. (2018). The effect of characteristics of audit committee and board on corporate profitability in Iran. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 34(1), 71-88.
- Saona, P., Muro, L., & Alvarado, M. (2020). How do the ownership structure and board of directors’ features impact earnings management? The Spanish case. Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 31(1), 98-133.
- Saputra, M., Nuraini, A., & Rafiqa, I. (2018). The Influence of Independent Commissioner, Audit Committee, and Institutional Ownership on Stock Price and Its Impact on Profitability (Study at LQ45 Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange). Account and Financial Management Journal, 2(12).
- Sarhan, A. A., & Al-Najjar, B. (2023). The influence of corporate governance and shareholding structure on corporate social responsibility: The key role of executive compensation. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 28(4), 4532-4556.
- Schillemans, T., & Bjurstrøm, K. H. (2020). Trust and verification: balancing agency and stewardship theory in the governance of agencies. International Public Management Journal, 23(5), 650-676.
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (7th ed.). Wiley.
- Sparrow, R., Dartanto, T., & Hartwig, R. (2020). Indonesia Under the New Normal: Challenges and the Way Ahead. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(3), 269-299.
- Suhartini, D., Tjahjadi, B., & Fayanni, Y. (2024). Impact of sustainability reporting and governance on firm value: insights from the Indonesian manufacturing sector. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1).
- Tanjung, M. (2020). A cross-firm analysis of corporate governance compliance and performance in Indonesia. Managerial Auditing Journal, 35(5), 621-643.
- Thompson, R. M., & Alleyne, P. (2023). Role of a board of directors and corporate governance in a state-owned enterprise. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 23(3), 478-492.
- Tjahjadi, B., Soewarno, N., & Mustikaningtiyas, F. (2021). Good corporate governance and corporate sustainability performance in Indonesia: A triple bottom line approach. Heliyon, 7(3), e06453.
- William, P., & Ekadjaja, A. (2020). Pengaruh GCG, Struktur Kepemilikan, Modal Intelektual, Dan Financial Leverage Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan [The Influence of GCG, Ownership Structure, Intellectual Capital, and Financial Leverage on Financial Performance]. Jurnal Paradigma Akuntansi, 2(3), 1165. (In Indonesian).
- Xu, J., & Li, J. (2022). The interrelationship between intellectual capital and firm performance: evidence from China’s manufacturing sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 23(2), 313-341.
- Yadav, I. S., Pahi, D., & Gangakhedkar, R. (2022). The nexus between firm size, growth and profitability: new panel data evidence from Asia-Pacific markets. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 31(1), 115-140.