Hasan Mukhibad

This research aims to examine the correlation between the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) and corporate governance in terms of the performance of Islamic banks’ Profit-and-Loss Sharing (PLS) ratio, zakah performance and non-halal income ratio, and to analyze the relationship between risk and income for both PLS and murabahah financing and the PLS financing ratio. Non-halal income is a bank’s income that is not in accordance with Sharia law. The object of this research was a sample of eleven commercial Islamic banks in Indonesia. The data are collected from each bank’s annual report and corporate governance statement, for 2009–2016. This study uses the multiple regression analysis method. The results show that:

1. The size and educational background of the SSB has a significant and positive effect on the zakah performance (Islamic tax), and has a negative effect on the ratio of non-halal income. The size and educational background of the SSB has no impact on the PLS financing ratio.
2. Corporate governance has a significant and positive influence on the PLS financing ratio and zakah performance but has no influence on the non-halal income ratio.
3. The mudharaba risk and PLS revenue have a positive impact on the PLS financing ratio.
4. PLS financing risk and murabahah income have a negative impact on PLS financing ratio.

This paper aims to examine the determinants of Islamic Governance Disclosure (IGD) in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The research method used is a quantitative approach involving Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, where their annual reports can be accessed during the 2011–2018 observation period. The data collection methods used are analysis of documentation and content analysis. Content analysis was used to calculate the IGD index. Path analysis with WarpPLS software was used to analyze data. The results show that the number of members of the Sharia supervisory board had a negative and significant effect on IGD, while leverage, size, and age can influence the IGD positively and significantly. In addition, institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on IGD. Profitability and composition of the independent board of commissioners do not significantly affect the IGD.

Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) plays an important role in implementing Islamic law in Islamic banks, including fraud prevention. This ungodly act, also known as haram, is highly forbidden in Islam, as evidenced in the holy book of Al Qur’an. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide evidence on the role of SSB attributes (number of members, expertise, cross-membership, educational level, attendance of meeting, tenure) in preventing fraud. This study used 11 Islamic banks in Indonesia as research samples that were observed during 2014–2018. Data were analyzed using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The research findings from this study showed that the number of members, cross-membership, education level, attendance of meetings, and SSB tenure were not proven to reduce fraud. SSB’s expertise in accounting/finance had a negative influence on financial statement fraud. The implication of the study is that SSB’s expertise helps banks to effectively carry out their duties, namely detecting financial statement fraud. SSB acts as an independent control mechanism that states that all bank activities are in line with Islamic law and also avoid financial statement fraud.

The disclosure of risk by Islamic banks is very important, as this openness of information is emphasized in Islamic teachings. The purpose of this article is to provide empirical evidence regarding the influence of the number of members of the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) and their cross membership, the debt and the Syirkah fund ratio (investment accounts), the composition of the board of commissioners, the number of audit committee members, and the amount of assets on risk disclosure by Indonesian Islamic banks.
The study uses content analysis techniques to measure risk disclosure by Islamic banks. The analysis uses panel data regression with observations for the period of 2010–2017. Based on the Fixed Effect Model, the study found out that the number of SSB members, the cross memberships of SSB, the ratio of independent commissioners to the number of audit committees do not influence risk disclosure. The leverage to investment account ratio does not influence risk disclosure. Also, the results of this study demonstrate that only the amount of assets influences risk disclosure.

The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the determinants of Indonesian banking profitability before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and net interest margin (NIM) were used to measure banking profitability. The research population is 43 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020. Purposive sampling has been used to determine the research sample. The criteria are banks issued annual reports during the observation period (2019–2020). The data collection method used is documentation. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis methods and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that banks experienced a decrease in profitability during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. ROA before the pandemic was 0.82 and dropped to 0.62 during the pandemic; ROE from 1.76 to 1.32; and NIM became 4.79 from 4.91. Other results show that only Capital Adequacy Ratio CAR and Non-performing Loans (NPL) can determine bank profitability (ROA and ROE) significantly, both before and during the pandemic (the coefficient is –0.112 and –4.856 for CAR; –0.977 and –0.913 for NPL). CAR and NPL influence profitability negatively. Meanwhile, size and liquidity are not able to significantly influence profitability of Indonesian banking (ROA, ROE, and NIM). Bank management that can control NPL well will have a significant impact on profitability.

Acknowledgment
We thank to Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Diponegoro for the funding of research and publication.

Indonesia is one of the world’s biggest halal food product and service consumers. The halal industry will continue to expand as the Muslim community’s needs grow. Therefore, application development for online halal food providers through the Go Food and Shopee Food platforms is in high demand. This paper aims to analyze the determinants of Go Food and Shopee Food users’ halal food purchase decisions. The theory of planned behavior (TPB), the theory of consumer behavior, and the unified theory of acceptance and utilization of technology (UTAUT2) were used. The research sample consists of Go Food and Shopee Food users chosen randomly from a pool of 104 respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed from previous studies and the theories applied (TPB and UTAUT2). Respondents received questionnaires online via Google Forms. Path analysis was used in this study. The findings show that TPB constructs can adequately explain halal food purchase behavior. The attitude toward the purchase of halal food and subjective norms affect the user’s intentions to purchase halal food. The coefficients are 0.291 and 0.379, with a p-value < 0.001. The user’s intention determines the positive decision to purchase halal food with a coefficient of 0.843 and a p-value < 0.001. Halal awareness is a powerful predictor with a coefficient of 0.206 and a p-value of 0.014. However, perceived behavioral control, halal literacy, religious commitment, financial literacy, and UTAUT2 constructs (price value, hedonic motivation, and habit) were not found to determine the intention to purchase halal food.