Effectiveness of the integrated school project and implications for the reform of the Moroccan education system: An approach based on managerial levers
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Author(s)Hamid ZahirLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5300-0786
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Mohammed Bougroum
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Abdelilah SadqaouiLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5436-8308
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DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/kpm.10(1).2026.07
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Article InfoVolume 10 2026, Issue #1, pp. 88-104
- 95 Views
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26 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Type of the article: Research Article
Educational reform in Morocco continues to face persistent challenges related to learning outcomes, territorial disparities, and the limited effectiveness of centralized policy instruments. In this context, participatory governance at the school level has emerged as a potential lever for improving school effectiveness. This study examines how the internal participatory mechanisms embedded in the Integrated School Project influence teachers’ perceptions of effectiveness in pilot schools. The analysis is based on data collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to teachers involved in the project in the Marrakech-Safi region between early June and late July 2025. Out of 420 questionnaires administered, 357 were retained after quality control. Measurement constructs were validated using confirmatory factor analysis, and the empirical relationships were estimated using median quantile regression with robust standard errors to address non-normality and heterogeneous perceptions. The results show that perceived effectiveness increases significantly when school action is structured around collective prioritization of objectives, inclusive working groups, clear assignment of responsibilities, and strong methodological rigor. Institutionalized decision-making spaces and teachers’ involvement in concrete pedagogical choices also exert a positive effect. In contrast, collaborative project co-design and the formal documentation of collective decisions do not significantly influence effectiveness, while shared diagnosis has a more moderate impact. Overall, the findings indicate that participatory governance improves school effectiveness only when it is operationalized through structured and stable mechanisms rather than symbolic participation, with important implications for strengthening guided school autonomy in Morocco.
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JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)I21, I28, H75, O15
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References48
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Tables9
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Figures3
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- Figure 1. Jarque-Bera normality test for OLS residuals
- Figure 2. Jarque-Bera normality test for quantile regression residuals
- Figure 3. Values of studentized residuals (RStudent) for detecting influential observations
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- Table 1. Indicators of convergent validity, composite reliability, and average variance extracted (AVE) from CFA
- Table 2. Discriminant validity matrix from CFA
- Table 3. Questionnaire response rate
- Table 4. Descriptive statistics for study variables
- Table 5. Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey heteroscedasticity test on OLS residuals
- Table 6. Ramsey RESET specification test applied (quantile regression)
- Table 7. Variance inflation factors (VIF) in the quantile regression model
- Table 8. Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey heteroscedasticity test applied to the quantile regression model
- Table 9. Estimation of the quantile regression model
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Expectations of individuals regarding the Ijara Forward contract: the case of healthcare financing
Mustapha Ziky ,
Mohamed Tajeddine Elghabri
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(1).2022.01
Investment Management and Financial Innovations Volume 19, 2022 Issue #1 pp. 1-13 Views: 1610 Downloads: 970 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThe health sector in Morocco is marked by many achievements, but also by large deficits, especially in terms of healthcare expenditures borne by individuals. With the introduction of Islamic banks (called participative banks) in Morocco, the study aims to determine the extent to which Ijara Forward, as an Islamic financial contract, is adapted to the expectations of Moroccans to finance their health expenditures.
The study sample consisted of 200 individuals. The univariate and bivariate analyses are used to identify possible relationships between the study variables. In addition, this paper proposes a model that will predict the demand for Ijara Forward based on the logistic regression method.
The results reveal that the financial characteristics of the Ijara Forward contract are in line with the financial expectations of Moroccan individuals. Furthermore, the cost of health services is the main factor that makes healthcare inaccessible. This factor influences the demand of Ijara Forward. In addition, this paper reveals that religious beliefs stimulate Ijara Forward’s demand and encourages people to pay a higher price for Ijara Forward. -
Assessing the impact of internal governance mechanisms on the tax aggressiveness of listed companies in Morocco
Rida Belahouaoui 
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.22(2).2025.16
Investment Management and Financial Innovations Volume 22, 2025 Issue #2 pp. 192-205 Views: 1600 Downloads: 644 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThis study examines how internal governance mechanisms influence tax aggressiveness among listed companies in Morocco. Using a quantitative approach, the study applies linear regression analysis to panel data from 2018 to 2022. The analysis assesses the impact of key governance factors, such as ownership concentration, board size, board independence, CEO duality, firm performance, and firm age, on tax aggressiveness.
The findings indicate significant relationships between governance mechanisms and tax behavior. Ownership concentration is negatively associated with the effective tax rate, implying that firms with a dominant shareholder are less likely to engage in aggressive tax planning. Conversely, financial performance is positively linked to effective tax rate, suggesting that more profitable firms tend to comply with tax obligations. In the current effective tax rate model, board size, board independence, CEO duality, and financial performance are positively related to tax aggressiveness, while firm age has a negative effect. The book-tax difference model reveals that board independence and CEO duality reduce tax aggressiveness, whereas ownership concentration and financial performance increase it.
These results highlight the significant role of corporate governance in shaping tax strategies. Strengthening governance structures – especially by reinforcing board independence and limiting CEO duality – could help curb aggressive tax practices and promote greater fiscal transparency in Morocco’s financial market. -
Does behavioral biases matter in SMEs' borrowing decisions? Insights from Morocco
Khalid Ayad ,
Anass Touil ,
Nabil El Hamidi ,
Khaoula Dobli Bennani
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(1).2024.15
Banks and Bank Systems Volume 19, 2024 Issue #1 pp. 170-182 Views: 1356 Downloads: 506 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯBank financing decisions by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial to their growth and survival, particularly in emerging economies such as Morocco. This study aims to assess the impact of behavioral biases on these decisions, an area little explored in the existing financial literature. The main objective is to analyze how behavioral biases such as overconfidence, risk aversion, confirmation bias, anchoring, and managerial myopia biases influence bank financing decisions of Moroccan SMEs. The approach adopted is quantitative and uses robust least squares regression to analyze data collected from 167 Moroccan SMEs. The results reveal that overconfidence and anchoring have a significant positive impact on the propensity to take out bank loans, while risk aversion and confirmation bias have a negative effect. Managerial myopia had no significant influence. Control variables such as past financial performance, the length of the banking relationship, and lower risk also positively influence the financing decision.
