Organizational efficiency in the context of e-business: Evidence from Ukrainian companies

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Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
This study underscores the growing significance of e-business as a key driver of economic development and competitiveness in Ukraine. The primary objective is to identify and analyze the factors that influence the organizational efficiency of Ukrainian e-business enterprises, with particular attention given to those factors that are directly subject to managerial influence. The research methodology is grounded in empirical data obtained through a structured survey of 80 e-businesses operating across various sectors, including e-commerce, e-learning, software development, and digital media. Analytical methods comprised descriptive statistics, non-parametric correlation analysis, and visual data representation to explore the distribution patterns and independencies among key performance indicators. The findings reveal a substantial range in annual turnover, spanning from €70,280 to €21,876,800, with an average value of €995,761. Net profit values vary from €12,650 to €3,719,056, averaging €216,153. The profitability of the surveyed enterprises ranges between 5% and 53% with a mean rate of 24.74%. A statistically significant, strong positive correlation (r = 0.7, p < 0.001) was identified between the number of employees and net turnover, indicating the critical role of human resources in driving enterprise performance. The analysis further identifies organizational and legal structure, as well as the size and qualification of the workforce, as key determinants of operational efficiency within e-business environments. The study concludes that effective managerial oversight of human resources is essential for enhancing organizational performance and enabling strategic decision-making, thereby supporting long-term competitiveness and sustainable development in Ukraine’s digital economy.

Acknowledgments
This study was conducted at the Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia. The research was supported by the Neuron Foundation and by the institutional means of the University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Economics.

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    • Figure 1. Economic activity categories of Ukrainian e-business enterprises participating in the 2025 survey
    • Figure 2. Sectoral composition of Ukrainian e-business enterprises surveyed in 2025
    • Figure 3. Structure of Ukrainian e-businesses by sector and legal form based on 2025 survey data
    • Figure 4. Mean profitability by sector for Ukrainian e-business companies surveyed in 2025
    • Table 1. 2024 net turnover: Descriptive metrics for Ukrainian e-businesses participating in the 2025 survey
    • Table 2. Descriptive analysis of the ‘Net turnover’ indicator for assessing normality
    • Table 3. 2024 net profit: Descriptive metrics for Ukrainian e-businesses participating in the 2025 survey
    • Table 4. Descriptive analysis of the ‘Net profit’ indicator for assessing normality
    • Table 5. 2024 profitability level: Descriptive metrics for Ukrainian e-businesses participating in the 2025 survey
    • Table 6. 2024 number of staff: Descriptive metrics for Ukrainian e-businesses participating in the 2025 survey
    • Table 7. Descriptive analysis of the ‘Number of staff’ indicator for assessing normality
    • Table 8. Spearman’s rank correlation between net turnover and workforce size for Ukrainian e-business enterprises (2024 figures, surveyed in 2025)
    • Conceptualization
      Viktoriya Kulyk, Dagmar Škodová Parmová, Milan Jílek
    • Data curation
      Viktoriya Kulyk
    • Investigation
      Viktoriya Kulyk
    • Project administration
      Viktoriya Kulyk
    • Supervision
      Viktoriya Kulyk, Milan Jílek
    • Writing – original draft
      Viktoriya Kulyk
    • Formal Analysis
      Dagmar Škodová Parmová, Milan Jílek
    • Funding acquisition
      Dagmar Škodová Parmová, Milan Jílek
    • Resources
      Dagmar Škodová Parmová
    • Software
      Dagmar Škodová Parmová
    • Validation
      Dagmar Škodová Parmová
    • Visualization
      Dagmar Škodová Parmová
    • Writing – review & editing
      Dagmar Škodová Parmová, Milan Jílek
    • Methodology
      Milan Jílek