Investigating the influence of Islamic police work engagement and ethics on the performance of Sharia police: Moderating role of Islamic leadership

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Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
This study examines how Islamic work engagement, Islamic work ethics, and Sharia-based transformational leadership affect the performance of Sharia policing in Aceh, Indonesia – the only province in the country where Islamic law is formally implemented. While prior research often focused on the structural and legal frameworks of Islamic governance, limited empirical studies explore the internal psychological and ethical drivers of law enforcement performance in Islamic contexts. Addressing this gap, the study develops and tests a model of faith-based policing performance grounded in Islamic organizational behavior. A quantitative survey was conducted with 378 active Sharia police officers (Wilayatul Hisbah) across 23 districts in Aceh. Respondents were selected through stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation by rank, region, and function. Data were collected between August and October 2024 using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test measurement and structural models, including moderation effects. Results show that Islamic work ethics (β = 0.634; p < 0.001) and Islamic work engagement (β = 0.120; p = 0.001) significantly and positively influence Sharia policing performance. Sharia-based transformational leadership also has a positive direct effect (β = 0.261; p < 0.001), but its moderating role is statistically insignificant. These findings emphasize the importance of intrinsic ethical values and personal motivation in shaping law enforcement outcomes. Leadership appears to have a greater direct than moderating impact. The study contributes empirical evidence for enhancing religiously inspired police performance and extends the literature on Islamic governance.

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    • Figure 1. Conceptual framework
    • Table 1. Respondent demographics
    • Table 2. AVE value results on discriminant validity
    • Table 3. AVE (Fornell-Larcker criterion) root values discriminant validity
    • Table 4. R-squared value results
    • Table 5. Hypothesis testing results
    • Table A1. Scale of measurements
    • Conceptualization
      Marzuki, Mukhlis Yunus, Mahdani Ibrahim
    • Investigation
      Marzuki
    • Project administration
      Marzuki, Muhammad Adam
    • Resources
      Marzuki
    • Software
      Marzuki
    • Writing – original draft
      Marzuki
    • Formal Analysis
      Mukhlis Yunus, Mahdani Ibrahim
    • Supervision
      Mukhlis Yunus, Muhammad Adam
    • Validation
      Mukhlis Yunus
    • Writing – review & editing
      Mukhlis Yunus, Muhammad Adam, Mahdani Ibrahim
    • Data curation
      Muhammad Adam, Mahdani Ibrahim
    • Methodology
      Muhammad Adam
    • Visualization
      Muhammad Adam
    • Funding acquisition
      Mahdani Ibrahim