The determinants of digital entrepreneurial intention among higher education students: A multi-group analysis

The rich body of literature examining the entrepreneurship education-entrepreneurship intention relations tends to neglect the influence of contingent and other mediating factors on the relationship. This elusion creates an erroneous assumption that entrepreneurship intentions are insulated from external influences and the entrepreneurship education-intentions relationship is an automatic, directly linear interaction. Contesting this premise, this research explores the influence of exposure to entrepreneurship education (EE), mediated by precursors (such as attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) to entrepreneurial intentions on the actual entrepreneurship intentions (EI) of vocational education students at a particular institution in Zimbabwe. Drawing on a cross-sectional research design and 154 randomly selected students, the study examines the extent to which they intended to engage in entrepreneurship careers in the near future. A non-parametric technique, the Spearman correlation test, and regression analysis were employed to test the relationships between EE on the direct determinants of EI, between the immediate determinants of EI and actual EI and to test a number of predictive effects. The results demonstrate that EE had a positive correlation with the direct determinants of EI. In addition, EE predicted all the immediate determinants of EI, except for subjective norms. Lastly, there was no evidence to support a direct predictive effect of EE on EI, controlling for other psychological factors. To a large extent, the results validated the Theory of Planned Behavior as a guiding tool for estimating any premeditated entrepreneurial behavior. Thus, the Theory remains an invaluable theoretical lens for academics, educators and policymakers’ evaluation of effective ways of enhancing the grooming of potential entrepreneurs.

This study aims to measure the impact of entrepreneurial motivation on the entrepreneurial intention of Muslim vocational school students. There is a lack of scholarly attention focusing on the Muslim students in the entrepreneurship field of the study. There were three models to be tested in this study. The first model covered six dimensions of motivation linked directly to entrepreneurial intention. The second model grouped the dimensions under the motivation variable. The third model linked taking motivation to giving motivation and giving motivation to entrepreneurial intention. Data were collected from 626 vocational school students in Jakarta. The exploratory and structural equation models were used for data analysis. This study found that, in the first model tested, “entrepreneur is cool” dimension had a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. In the second model tested, “entrepreneurial is cool”, “financial freedom”, and “public service” dimensions represented entrepreneurial motivation that could predict Muslim students’ entrepreneurial intention. In the third model, taking motivation significantly affected giving motivation and giving motivation significantly affected intention. Recommendations for educators and future study are discussed.

Digital social entrepreneurship is increasingly receiving recognition in emerging economies to maximize societal benefit. The objective of this study is to examine the factors determining students’ intentions toward digital social entrepreneurial ventures. The targeted population was students of various programs, namely business, humanities, science, tourism, and pharmacy, of private and public universities in Bangladesh. This study is quantitative and exploratory in nature, whereas online self-administered questionnaires were prepared to collect data from 433 students in Bangladesh between January and June 2023. The model was tested and the hypotheses were confirmed at the 5% significance level using SPSS v26.0; a Cronbach’s alpha (α) value of 0.70 or higher was considered adequate for measuring reliability. The results show that students’ innovativeness, social pro-activeness, and risk-taking motive positively affect their intention toward digital social entrepreneurial intention. These results may aid in developing successful plans and regulations to support the expansion of digital social entrepreneurial intention in Bangladesh by the government, non-governmental organizations, the neighborhood, civil society, and researchers.